QORISTA QARMAQALLADU WAA XIRFAD LA BARTO

Sida loo qoro garmaqallada fadhiyada maxkamadu waa xirfad iyo aqoon lagu toobabaro kaaliyayaasha Maxkamadaha. Maadaamo oo ay yihiin diiwaan-ilaaliyaha maxkamadda ee qoraya wax kasta oo fadhiga maxkamadda ka dhex dhaca. Hawshoodaasi ayaa asaas u ah hadhawto caddaaladda dib-u-eegiseed (Judicial Review) ee laga rabo Garsooraha Rafcaanka ee aan hore ula socon wixii maxkamaddii ka horeysay ka hor dhacayay.

 Maxkamadaheena lagama yaqaanno xirfadda Istenograafiyada la yidhaahdo (stenography) ee kaaliyayaasha maxkamadaha usoo gaabsadaan weedhaha hadal-qorista iyaga oo aan waxba ka tageyn wixii laga dhex yidhi fadhiga. Waxaanay taasi sare u qaadaa xawaaraha ay kula soconayaan dooda iyo marag-furka oo si aan hakad lahayn iskood ugu socda. Halka ay imika u dhacaan sidii cashar yeedhis ah oo kaaliyaha lala sugayo qalinkiisa. Kaasi oo waqti badan ku lumo, dishana isku xidhnaantii iyo nuxurkii doodda dhinacyada. Waxa kale oo hadalkaasi la kala googoynayaa uu caajis galiyaa dadweynaha ka soo qeybgala dhegaysiga.

  Marka uu gar-dhegeysigu dhammaado ayaa istenogaafiyadii loo rogaa qoraalka saxda ah ee la akhrin karo (court transcript). Waxaana rogistaa dambe loo adeegsadaa qalab gaar ah oo akhriya calaamadahaasi (steno converter), haddii aan la hayn qalabkaasina waxa lagu sameeyaa akhris caadiya oo dib ayaa gacanta loogu garaacaa (manual method).

  Haddaba wali maan arag iyada oo hawlahan culays la iska saarayo oo tababorro la siinayo kaaliyaasha maxkamadda (court reporters) ku saabsan hannaanka xirfadeed ee ay tahay in loo rekoordh-gareeyo hadalka iyo ficillada ka dhex dhaca fadhiyada Maxkamadda. Waa in la dhiso xirfaddooda -dhegeysiga (exceptional listening skills), la-socoshada hadalka (strong concentration), xawaaraha qoraalka iyo sax-sanaantiisa (speed & accuracy), sir-ahaanshaha garmaqalka (confidentiality) iwm. 

  Waa in la isla dajiyo, lana baro kaaliyaha hanaanka loo rikoodh-gareeyo tilmaamaha jidheed (sign language) ee marag-furka ku jira, sida in uu gacanta ku fiiqo maraggu qof fadhiya maxkamada, ama uu aamusnaado cabaar intaanu jawaabta bixin, madaxa ruxo, ama uu bixiyo tilmaan jidheed oo la xidhiidha marag-furka. Sababtoo ah, ficilladaasi waxa ay qayb ka yihiin siyaabaha wax la iskugu gudbinayo ee looga wada xidhiidhayo (communication) fadhiga dhexdiisa. Waana waxyaabaha uu tabi karo garsooraha dambe ee ka maqan meesha oo haddii uu warbixinahaas heli lahaa ay sawir buuxa ka siin lahaa dhegeysigii dhacay iyo sida uu dhacayba. 

   Waxa kale oo jiraa waxyaabo kale oo ka maqan qoraalka garmaqalladeena. Waxaana ka mid ah su'aalaha ay dhinacyadu waydiiyaan maragyada; ha ahaadaan kuwa tooska ah (direct examination) ee ay waydiiyaan maragyadooda ama kuwa talantaalliga ah (cross examination) ee ay weydiiyaan maragyada kasoo horjeeda. Waxa inta badan la qoraa jawaabaha ay maragyadu bixiyaan oo kaliya oo aanay la socon su'aalahoogii. Walaw ay ku kala xariifsanyihiin kaaliyaashu oo ay jiraan qaar u qora jawaabta si aad aad ka fahmi karto su'aasheeda, haddana rikoodh-galinta su'aashu waa qodob asaasi u ah garmaqalka oo aan laga tagi karin. 

  Su'aalahaasi laga hawl yaraysto qoraalkoogu  waxa ay caqabad ku noqdaan garsooraha iyo dhincyadaba marka uu galku uu u gudbo marxaladda dib-u-eegista. Tusaale ahaan, waxa ay keentaa mararka qaar in aad garanweydo su'aasha laga jawaabay: gaar ahaan su'aalaha xidhan (closed questions) ee lagaga jawaabo "haa ama maya". Marka aad garmaqalka ugu tagto jawaab ah "Haa" ama "maya" oo cidlo taagan, adna aad tahay qareen rafcaan ama garsoore rafcaan oon hore u la socon dhegeysiyadaas, macno ay leedahay garan maysid jawaabtaasi iyo su'aadha ay dabasocoto toona. 

   Guntii iyo gebogabadii, waxyaabahaasi waa arrimo aynu sixi karno mustaqbalka haddii ay Maxkamadda Sare soo saarto go'aan garsoor   (Judicial Decree) oo jidaynaya habraac dhigan oo rasmiyeeya hannaanka ugu haboon ee laga rabo in uu yeesho dokumantiga kama dambeysta ah ee garmaqalka maxkamaduhu (court transcript). Taasi oo qorista garmaqalka (court reporting) ka dhigi lahayd xirfad iyo waayo-aragnimo xushmaddeeda leh oo si cilmiyaysan loo barto la iskguna gudbiyo, kana saari lahayd in qofkasta oo yeedhiska afsoomaaliga qori kara la yidhaahdo hawshaasi qabo.

CAQABADAHA SHARCI EE HORYAALA GARSOORKA JSL. By Garyaq. Maxamed Axmed Cabdi Bacaluul.

(Previously published in September 19th, 2017)

Hordhac:

Marka aad joogto dal dimuqraadiya, Garsoorku waa ilaaliyaha koowaad ee xuquuqda iyo xorriyaadka asaasiga ee dadweynaha wadar ahaan iyo kali ahaanba. Doorkani muhiimka ahna waa kan garsoorka awood ahaan u siiyay in uu dib-u-eegis ku sameeyo go’aannada hey’adaha xukuumada, daristana sharci-ahaanshaha xeerarka ka soo baxa xeer-dajinta. Si ay Maxkamaduhu u hubiyaan una dheellitiraan (check and balance) awoodaha labada waaxood ee kale, waxa ay u-xilsaaranyihiin in ay hirgaliyaan sidii sharciyada u yaalla dalka loogu fulin lahaa si caddaalad ah oo isku mid ah (fairly and consistently) iyada oo la tixgalinayo xuquuqaha iyo xorriyaadka asaasiga ah ee uu dastuurku u dammaanad qaaday muwaadiniinta. Si aynu taasi u hubino, waxa aynu daraasaddani si guud-mar ah ku eegi doonaa Garsoorka JSL, iyo caqabadaha sharci ee dabarka ku ah in uu u guto awoodihiisaasi si wax-ku-ool ah, madaxbannaan oo la isku hallayn karo caddaaladda garnaqistiisa iyo go’aannadiisaba. Waxa aynu iftiimin doonaa saamaynta taban ee ay caqabadahaasi iyo gol-daloolooyaanku sharci ku leeyihiin xil-gudashada Garsoorka, innaga oo ka bilaabi doona dastuurka iyo xeerarka kale ee baarlamaanka ha ahaadaan xeerarkaasi kuwa nidaaminaya qaab-dhismeedka iyo hawlaha garsoorka, amaba kuwa ay maxkamaduhu u adeegsadaan ka garnaqista mawduucyada kala duwan ee looga soo dacwoodo.

DASTUURKA IYO GARSOORKA SOMALILAND

Maxkamadda Sare

Markaad eegto qaab-dhismeedka Garsoorka iyo sida uu distoorku u kala sarreysiiyay qeybaha kala duwan ee Maxkamadaha, hadday tahay hannaan dacwadeedyada iyo Juqraafi ahaan sida ay Maxkamadaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka maamul ee dawladdu isula jaanqadyaan, waxaan shaki ku jirin inay Maxkamaddu sare tahay hay’adda ugu sarraysa ee jidaynaysa Siyaasadda lagu hagayo Adeegyada garsoor ee heer qaran. Martabaddaasina ma aha uun mid ay siisay dabeecadda shaqo ee arrimo garsoorku, balse waa mid dastuuriya oo ku salaysan nidaamka sharci ahaan loogu talogalay inuu u shaqeeyo Garsoorku.

Hadaba intaynaan ka jawaabin, bal inuu dastuurku siiyay Madaxbannaanidii mabda’ ahaaneed iyo shaqo ahaaneed ee uu baahnaa, waa inaynu su’aashaas ku tijaabinnaa Maxkamadda Sare, inagoo eegayna bal awooda dastuuriyeed ee Maxkamadda Sare ay haysato, inagoo bar-bar dhigayna labada Waxood ee dhiggeega ah (Fulinta iyo X/Dajinta). Sababta aynu Maxkamadda Sare ugu horeynaynaana, waa innagoo filayna inay tahay tii ugu sarreysay Maxkamadaha. Sidaa darteedna aynu filayno inay taha tan laga rabo in ay haysato madaxbannaanida ugu badan, marka laga hadlayo madaxbannaani awoodeed oo ku salaysan sharci.

Maxkamadda sare oo ay ugu maqaam sarreeyaan, Guddoomiyaha, Ku-xigeenka iyo garsoorayaasha kale ee ka hawlgala. Garsoorayaashani dacwadaha dhegaysta ee maxkamaddu, ma haystaan dammaanad xileed oo siisa kalsoonidii iyo dhiiranaantii uu xilka garsoorannimo uga baahnaa. Marka laga reebo, guddoomiyaha oo qudha, Waxay xilheynta garsoorayasha kale ee Maxkamadde sare uu ku xidhanyahay rabitaanka Madaxweynaha (Dastuurka; Qodobka 105/1).

Awoodaha garnaqiseed ee maxkamadda sare, waa mid wada-tashi, oo ay ka go’aan gaadhistoodu ku xidhantahay ugu yaraan saddex garsoore. Hadaba guddoomiyaha, oo ah kan qudha ee xilka-qaadistiisu ay ubaahantahay ogolaanshe Baarlamaan, ayaany madaxbannaantiisaasi waxba ku filleyn, mar haddii aanu kaligiis lahayn awood go’aaneed. Sidaa darteed, ayaa awooddii dib-u-eegiseed ee ay Maxkamaddu ku saxaysay go’aannada Maxakamadaha hoose u noqotay mid aan ka fayoobaan karin saamayn iyo dano siyaasadeedba .

Marka lagu guuldarreysto farogalinta Maxkamadaha hoose, waxa la fahmey inay Garsoorayaasha Maxkamada sare ay yihiin kuwo ugu nugul  ee la farogalin karo ama saamayn lagu yeelan karo go’aanaddooda. Waxay noqotay Maxkamadda sare meel ay dhinacyada u galaan olaloyaal badan (lobby). Waxaana culayskaasi saaran Maxkamada ku tusaya, cumaamadaha, suudhadhka (xildhibaanadda, madaxda hay'adaha), wadaadada iyo mukhallasiinta kale ee buux dhaafiyay daaradeeda iyo xafiisyadeeda. 

Waxaanay tani abuurtay inay dacwaduhu noqon waayaan kuwa ku dhammaada gobolladooda, oo ay Rafcaan-qaadashadu noqoto habdhaqan bulsho, oo aanay xataa ka madhnayn xirfadlayaasha sharciyeed (qareenada iyo dacwad-oogayaashuba). Waxaana Maxkamadda sare kusoo rogmada Laago iyo gacamo rafcaano ah oo kaga kala yimaadda gobollada Jamhuuriyadda oo dhan, Taasi oo loo aanayn karo dabacsanaanta xeerarka hab-dacwadeedyada lagu maamulo. 

Xeerarka habraaca dacwadaha ayay ahayd inay shuruudo adag ku xidhaan rafcaan-qaadashada, qeexaana noocyada rafcaan ee ay Maxkamadda sare dib-u-eegis ku sameyn karto. Waxaanay sharciyadaasi Maxkamadaha Rafcaanada ee Gobollada awood u siin lahaa inay dib-u-eegistoodu soo afjarto geedisocoka dacwadaha qaar. Tusaale ahaan kuwa uu qiimahoogu, ama heer-ciqaabeedkoogu hooseeyo. Waana ayaan darro iyo khasaare waqtiyeed iyo miisaaniyeed in gal-dacwadeed la haysto waxyaabo qiime badan oo dhaqaale lahayn ama faldambiyeeddo fudud (misdemeanor) uu Rafcaankoodu socdo illaa Maxkamadda dalka ugu sarreysa. Maxkamadduna ay galal noocaas ah, kaga mashquusho darsidda iyo lafaguridda kiisas saameyn dhaqaale, bulsho iyo nabadgalyaba leh. 

Walaw, uu Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare uu dalbaday in la kordhiyo tirada Garsoorayaasha Maxmkamadda sare, markii uu arkay rafcaannadda tirodhaafka ee u rasaysan, hadana ma muuqdo ifafaalo sheegaya inay yaraanayso rasada Rafcaanada iyo saxmadda haysata Maxkamaddu. Waxaanay taasi ku tusaysaa inay mushkiladaha jiraa ay ka ballaadhanyihiin, garsoore yaraan haysatay Maxkamadda, balse ay qeybka tahay ceebo uu leeyahay seeska sharciyeed ee ay Maxkamadda sare iyo garsoorkuba guud ahaan ku dhisanyahay ama uu ku hawlgaloba. 

Tusaale ahaan, Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, oo qeyb ka ah Maxkamadd Sare, ayaa guud ahaanba la tabayaa doorkii ay ku lahayd ilaalinta iyo taabogalinta xuquuqaha dastuuriga ah ee muwaadiniinta. Waxaanay shaqadii maxkamaddu noqotay mid ku eeg ka garnaqista dacwadaha siyaasadeed ee u dhexeeya Waaxaha dawladda iyo axsaabta siyaasadda. Taasi oo loo aanayn karo marka laga tago dammaanad la’aanta xileed ee garsooraysaaha, qabyooyinka sharciyeed ee aan illaa maanta waxba laga qaban.

Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, oo ah laan garsoor, oo dabeecad ahaan iyo falsafad ahaanba ka duwan Maxkamadd Sare iyo Maxkamadda Sare ee Caddaaladda, ayaan guud ahaanba lahayn dhismihii sharciyeed ee qeexeeyay waajibaadkeega, doorkeega garnaqiseed, iyo hannaanka dacwadeed ee ay ku hawlgalayso (Procedural rules), marka ay ka jawaabayso cabashooyinka dastuurig ah ee la xidhiidha go’aamada fulineed ee hay’adaha xukuumadda.

Dib-u-eegista Go’aannada maamul, ee kasoo baxa haya’adaha fulinta, ayaa iyaguna ah, waajib kamida waajibada garsoor ee ay Maxkamadda sare gaarka u leedahay. Maxkamada Sare sidoo kale, malaha waax amma laan gaar ah, oo u xilsaaran dib-u-eegista cabashooyinka la xidhiidha arrimaha maamul (Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions). Waxaana meesha ka maqan hanaankii sharciyeed ee qeexi lahaa hababka loo marayo iyo go'aamada maamul ee looga soo caban karo Maxkamadda.

Dib-u-eegista Rafcaanada Gobolada ayuu doorkii Maxkamadda kusoo ururay, Waxaana la odhan karaa waxaan gabi ahaanba meesha ka muuqan amaba lagu  fashilamay in  hirgaliyo hannaan Garsoor oo dib-u-eegis ku sameeya go’aamada maamul ee cadaaladnimadooda laga soo caban karo, amaba xadgudub ay muwaadiniintu ka tirsan karaan.

Hirgalinta Nidaamkaasi Caddaaladeed ee u dhexeeya Muwaadiniinta iyo Xukuumaddu, wuxuu dawo u noqon lahayd tacaddiyada, xilgudasho la’anta iyo amarku-taaglaynta ay muwaadiniintu adeeg-sugayaasha ahi ay had iyo goor kala kulmaan xafiisyada kala duwan ee Waaxda Fulinta. Waxa adkaan lahaa ku dhaqanka iyo sarraynta sharciga, oo aanay cid gaar ahi si gaar ah uga faa’idaysateen, in kalana aanay ku hoos dulmanaanteen. Haybadda Qarannimo iyo kalsoonida muwaadiniintu ku qabaan awoodda sharcigu leeyahay ayaa kor u qaadmi lahayd.

Maxkamadaha Hoose;

Maxkamadaha Gardhageysiga 1-aad (Gobollada iyo Degmooyinka) iyo Maxkamadaha Rafcaannada ee gobollada, ayaa la isku yidhaahdaa Maxkamadaha hoose, Madaxbaannaanida garsooreed ee maxkamadahan marka aad dooneyso, waa inaad eegto cidda awoodda u leh gardhegaysiga, een ahayn shaqaalaha kale ee Maxkamada ka shaqeeya. Ciddaasina Waa Garsooreyaasha oo ay ka mid yahiin Guddoomiyayaasha maxkamadahan.

Inay Garsooreyaasha maxkamadaha hoose ka madaxbannaan karaan farogalin dibadeed iyo mud gudaha ahba, waxaad ku ogaan kartaa markaad daristo, cidda awoodda u leh maamulista Garsoorka, taasi oo ah Guddida Caddaalada Qaranka ee ku xusan qodobka 107-aad ee Dastuurka JSL.

Waaxaha kale ee dawladda aya xubno ku leh, Guddida caddaaladda, halka uu garsoorayaashu ay ku leeyihiin 3 xubnood oo qudhaata (oo laba kamid ah markiiba la eryi karo amaba aanay lahayn xil muddeysan). Guddidaasi Caddaaladdu ayuu qaabkeeda go’aan-qaadasho uu ku yimaaddaa codbixinta xubnaha ay ka koobantahay. Kuwaasi oo uu go’aankoogu ku ansaxmayo aqlabiyada xubnaha fadhiga ka qeybgalay.

Sida darteed ayaanay magac caabista iyo xilka qaadista, dallacsiinta iyo hoos-u-celinta garsooreyaasha Maxkamadaha hoose, aanay u ahayn arrin u taalla Waaxda Garsoorka oo qudha, balse waa mid u furan saameynta iyo awoodaha farogalineed ee waaxaha kale. Mana jiro awood gaar ah oo ay xubnaha Maxkamadda sare ay dheeryihiin marka ay noqoto ka go’aan-gaadhista arrin ay, Waax ahaan ka leeyihiin xubnaha kale.

Maadaama oo ay garsooreyaashu ay yihiin udub dhexaadka marka la fulinayo Awoodda dastuuriyeed ee ay Waaxdani leedahay. Waxay u dhigmaan, xildhibaannada Goleyaasha baarlamaanka iyo wasiiraada ay ku dhisantahay waaxda fulinta. Sida aanu garsoorku ugu farogalin, waxaahan marka ay go’aan ka qaadanayaan xubnahoogaasi, ayay ahayd in aan Waaxda garsoorka lagu farogalin maamulidda iyo ka go’aan-gaadhista cidda ay u igmaan hawlaha garsoor.

Qodobka 97-aad ee Dastuurka, oo qeexaya mabda'a madaxbannaanaanta Garsoorku kuma filna ilaalinta iyo hirgalinta madaxbannaanidaasi, marka ay sidoo kale jiraan isla qodobo kala oo dastuuriya oo iyaguna caqabad ku ah sidii looga xaqiijin lahaa mabda'aasi qarannimo. Waxaana la rabay inay noqoto madaxbannaanaynta garsoorku mid qeyb ka ah dhuuxa iyo lafta Garsoorka oo ka muuqataa qaabdhismeedka iyo hannaankiisa ismaamul. Caqabdahaasi oo qaab-dhismeedka Guddida Caddaaladu kaw ka yahay ayaa u baahan in dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyo.

Waa in Guddida Caddaaladda laga dhex madhaa, xubnaha laba-xilleyaasha ah (double-roles) ee ka yimid Waaxaha Sharcidajinta iyo Fulinta. Mana noqon karto Waaxda Garsoorku mid ka fayow Siyaasadda iyo danayaasha isdhaafsan, illaa inta ay ka midka yihiin xubno ka kala yimid Waaxaha Siyaasiga ah ee Dawladda.

XEERARKA AY XEER-DAJINTU SAMAYSO IYO QABYOOYINKA KU JIRA (LOOPHOLES).

Waxaynu hore usoo sheegnay kaalinta uu dastuurku ku leeyahay caqabadaha hor taagan, sidii loo xaqiijin lahaa Garsoor madax bannaan, oo hagaajisan kara gurigiisa isagoon la kaashan Waaxaha Kale ee Dawladda. Inagoo illaa inta uu Garsoorku yeesho, awood uu iskiis wax iskaga qaban karo, kuna ilaashan karo karaamada iyo kaalinta dastuuriyeed ee uu shacabku siiyay, in aanu waxba ka qaban Karin arrimaha kale ee ka baxsan, ee sharcigu awood u siiyay inuu wax ka qabto.

Sababta aynu ugu bilaabnay dastuurkuna, waa iyadoo oo uu dastuurku yahay Sharciga ugu sareeya, ee ay ku abtirsadaan xeerarka kasoo baxa Goleyaashu. Waxaynu markan eegi karnaa xeerarka lagama maamrmaanka ah ee uu Garsoorku ku hawlgalo, iyo saameynta ay qabyadoodu ku leedahay, madaxbannaantii iyo kartidii adeeg ee looga baahna Maxkamadaha.

Xeerka Nidaamka Garsoorka; 

Xeerka Maamulka Garsoorka ayaa ah xeerka baarlamaan ee qeexaya awoodaha qaab-dhismeedka Waaxda Garsoorka, Qeybaha Maxkamadda, iyo kala-sarreynta Maamul ee Maxkamadaha. Xeerkan oo laba jeer oo kale duwan uu daraafkiisu kasoo baxay baarlamaanka ayaa labadii jeerba Madaxweynuhu dhaqan-galiyay oo labadiisii nuqulba la faafiyay.

Walaw ay labada nuqul, ay intooda badani isku mid yihiin, ayay qodobada ay ka koobanyihiin ay kala badanyihiin. Xeer lamb 24/2003, waa 49 qodob, halka Xeer lamb 24/04/06 lagu daray qodob dheeriya oo ka maqan xeerkaasi hore, lagana dhigay tirada qodobadiisa 60 qodob. Is bar-baryaaca labadan Xeer ee isku magaca ah, ayaa in badan abuuray jaahwareer sharciyeed, oo saameyn ku yeeshay Nidaamkii maamul ee Maxkamadaha.

Faafinta labadan Xeer ee is ku midka ah, oo ahayd qalad farsamo oo ka dhacay Madaxtooyada, ayaan illaa imika midkoodna la laalin, taasi oo lagu doodi karo inay labada xeerba ay dhaqan-gal yihiin.Walaw dooddaasi ay jabayso marka loo eego Nidaamka ay Sharciyadu u-kala Sarreeyaan una wada shaqeeyaan (Legal Order) : Nidaamkaasi oo dhigaya in haddii laba xeer oo iskhilaafsan oo hal mawduuc ka wada hadlayaa ay iskasoo daba baxaan, in ka dambe la raacayo. Khilaafkaasi ha noqdo mid qaabeed ama nuxureedba. Xeerka Nidaamka Garsoorku kuu doonaba ha ahaadee waa mid qalfoof ahaan u yaalla, oon wax badan ka odhan qaabka ay Maxkamaduhu isku maamulayaan, kiisaska u maaranayaan, Garsooreyaasha loogu kala xilsaarayo (case assignment), loo diiwaangaliyo xukunnada, loo keydinayo garmaqallada, marag-muujinaha, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee lagama maarmaanka u ah gardhegaysiyada.

Ma jiro xeernidaamiye uu jideeyay xeerkani oo lagu dhammeystiri karo waxyaabaha uu farsamo ahaan, ama xaalado ahaan uga tagay Xeerka Nidaamku. Waxaanay ahayd inuu xeerkani kala nidaamiyo Maxkamada gudaheeda, maareeyana habsami-u-socodka iyo dhaqaajinta dacwadaha kale duwan ee laga garnaqo. Isla markaan uu qeexo, qeybiyo, dabagalo waajibaadada shaqo ee ay qabtaan, kaaliyayaasha, diiwaangaliyayaasha iyo keyd-hayayaasha (archives) illaa gaadhsiiyaha Maxkamaddu. Sidoo kalana uu fududeeyo hannaanka ismaamul iyo wada-shaqayneed ee u dhexeeya guddoomiyayaasha, garsoorayaasha iyo kaaliyayaasha hal Maxkamad ka wada hawlgala inuu qeexo habsami-usocodka hawlaha maxkamadda iyo waxyaabo mid walba ka reeban ee wax u dhimaya adeeggii Maxkamada.

Waxa kale oo meesha ka maqan doorka ay Guddoomiyayaasha Maxkamaduhu ku leeyihiin, marka la fulinayo hawlaha maamul ee ka baxsan Gardhegeysiga. Hawlahaasi oo qaybka ah adeegyada garsoor ee Maxkamadda, ayaa noqon kara diyaarinta agabyada iyo kharashaadka lagama maarmaanka u ah Garsooridda, sida diyaarinta goobta garta lagu dhageysanayo qalabyaynteeda sida tiknoolajiga marag-muujimaha lagu soo bandhigo (i.e, shaashadaha muuqaallada laga daawado), diyaarinta gaadiidka , shiidaalka ku baxaya soo-eegisaha iyo xushmadaynta khabiirada Farsamo ee ay Maxkamaddu uga maarmi weydo xaqiiqo-raadinta ay ku jirto.

Nidaamkaasi lagu diyaarinayo hawlaha ay Maxkamadu qabanayso, ayaa u baahan in loo maro nidaam rasmiya oo la isla yaqaano masuuliyaddeeda, si looga baxsado in musuq-maasuq iyo xidhiidh lala sameeyo dhinacyada dacwadda. Kharashyada la saaro dhinacyada dacwadda oon lahayn heer-qiyaaseed (standard) iyo hab rasmi ah oo daahfuran, ayaa meelka dhac ku ah milgihii Maxkamadda iyo Garsooraha.

Kharash-bixinta iyo fududeynta waxyaabaha loo baahanyahay oon ahayn masuuliyad saaran dhinacyada, waxay saameyn ku yeelanaysaa hab-dhegeysigii dacwadda, iyadoo ikhtiyaarkii iyo awooddii maxkamadeed gor-gotan galinaysa. Waxaanay taasi ka dhigeysa garsooreyaashii iyo hawlwadeennadii kale ee Maxkamadda, kuwa lasoo kireystay oo si gaar ah ugu adeegaya dhinacyada is-haya. Waxay sidoo kale waxyeelleyn kartaa maamuuskooga xileed, iyo nabadgelyadooda jidheed iyo nafeeedba. Sidaas darteed ayay tahay, marka ay xilkooda gudanayaan Garsoorayaasha iyo kaaliyayaasaha Maxkamadduba in aanay marti u noqon dad shiciba, oo ay wax waliba kaga iman karaan.

Xeerarka Garsoorku ku Garnaqo

Xeerarka Garsoor ee ay Maxkamaduhu ku qaadaan dacwadaha hor yimaadda waxay u kala baxaan, Xeerarka qeexaya mawduuca laga garnaqayo (substantive laws) iyo kuwa la xidhiidha habka loo marayo caddaalada. Xeerarkaasi kuwa ugu badan ee ay Maxkamaduhu ku shaqeeyaan waa kuwa duug ah oo aan la jaanqaadi Karin isbadallada nololeed, iyo waayaha jira. Xeerarka ugu badan ee ay Maxkamaduhu adeegsadaan waa:

1. Xeerka Ciqaabta Guud

2. Xeerka Habka ciqaabta

3. Xeerka Madaniga

4. Xeerka Habka Madaniga.

Dhammaan xeerarkani waxay u baahanyihiin, in dib loo cusbooneysiiyo oo lagu sameeyo daraasad iyo dib-u-eegis qoto dheer, si loo waafajiyo Dastuurka Qaranka, Shareecada Islaamka iyo isbadalka tiknoolajiyeed ee dalku ku tallaabsaday.

Tusaale ahaan, faldambiyeedyo badan oo kamida ah xeerka ciqaabta ayaa u baahan in qeexitaannadooda iyo ciqaabahooda la waafajiyo shareecada Islaamka, halka sidoo ay tahay in lagu daro faldambiyeedyo aan jirin waqtigii la sameynayay xeerkan, oo imika soo baxay. Faldambiyeedyadaasi oo ay kamid yihiin, kuwa la xidhiidha Tahriibinta dadka, kuwa mukhaadaraadka, kuwo argagixisada, lacag-meydhista (Money laundering) iyo kuwa tiknoolajiyada iyo isgaadhsiinta casriga ah la xidhiidha ee loo maro nidaamka kombiyuutarada iyo internetka (cyber crimes).

Xeerka Madaniga ah oo qeexa xuquuqaha iyo waajibaadka ka dhasha wada mucaamilka ganacsiyeed ee bulshada, ayaa isna sidoo kale u baahan in dib-u-habayn lagu sameeyo. Waxa loo baahanyahay in la curiyo xeerkii qeexayay, isla markaana diiwaangalinayay hanti maskaxeedyada bulshada. Maadaamo, oo ay sii kordheyso hal-abuurka dadku, sida qoraalka buugaagta, abwaannimada, shaxaha iyo qorshayaasha injineeradu iwm. Xeerka Madaniga, qodobkiisa 86-aad ayaa sheegaya inay xeerar kale qeexi doonaan sida loo lahaanayo maguurtooyinkaasi aan maaddiga ahayn, Xeerarkaasi oon wali la curin. Waxaana iyana laga maarmaana in la sameeyo sharraxaado iyo tusaalayaal iftiimiya nuxurka iyo ujeeddooyinka ay ku salaysanyihiin qodobadda Xeerka Madanigu sida loogu sameeyay Xeerka Ciqaabta Guud. 

Xeerka habka ciqaabtu oo ah xeer si fiican u qoran oo isla markaana qodobadiisa lala akhrin karo xeerka ciqaabta, ayaa isna dib-u-eegis u baahan. Waxaana ay tahay in lagu kordhiyo, qaab baadhiseedyada dambiyada la xidhiidha tiknoolajiyada, iyadoo awood loo siinayo haya’daha ku shaqado leh, baadhista iyo dhawrista xogaha gaarka ah ee ku keydsan aaladaha la baadhayo.

Waxaana isla xeerkani habku u baahanyahay, in lagu lifaaqo xeer-nidaamiye ama buug hagaha (Manual Guide) qaababka baadhiseed ee ay hay’adaha baadhistu u gudanayaan waajibaadkooga. Qaababkaasi oo ay kamid tahay, sida ay uga jawaabayaan warbixinaha soo gaadho, ilaalinta goobaha ay faldambiyeedyadu ka dhacaan (crime scene protection), iyo qaababka loo keydinayo xogaha baadhiseed ee laga helo goobahaasi iyo masuuliyadaha baadhaha ka saaran dhawrista maragmuujinta u nugul in la fara-fareeyo ama la dhalanrogo Tallaabooyinkaasi oo noqon lahaa kuwo lagu maamulo, lagulana socdo hawlaha baadhiseed ee la xidhiidha faldambiyeedyada. Waxaana tani sahli lahayd inay caddaadaan waajibaadka iyo masuuliyadaha saaran saldhigyada iyo baadhayaasha ka hawlgala. Waxaan sugnaan lahsa hannaanka loogula xisaabtamayo hufnaantooda shaqo.

In la helo protokolka baadhiseed ee ay tahay inay ku hawlgalaan saraakiisha u xilsaarani hawlahani, waxay kor u qaadi lahayd awoodda uu garsoorku uu kula xisaabtami karo dambi-baadhista, maadaamo oo ay jiitanka dacwadaha ciqaabta ay kamid tahay, muddada ay qaadato baadhista dacwaduhu. Waxaanay X/Ilaalinta iyo Maxkamadaha u fududaan lahayd sidii ay u qiimeyn lahaayeen tayada baadhiseed ee ay leeyihiin galalka loo soo gudbiyay.

Xeer-anshaxeedka Garsoorka ( Judicial Code of Conduct)

Garsoorayaashu ha noqdaan kuwa ka hawlgala Maxkamadda Sare amaba Maxkamadda Hoosaba, waxay hayaan xil muhiim ah, waxaanay huwanyihiin karaamadii iyo xushmadii sharciga. Ixtiraamka iyo dhawrsanaanta ay leeyihiin ma aha mid ku eeg marka la fadhiyo Hoolka dhegaysiga ee la leeyahay “Mudane Garsoore”, balse waa mid uu ku kasbaday xilka uu qaranka u hayo, intuu hayona Xilkaasi leeyahay.

Sidoo kale garsoorayaashu ma aha malaa’ig, ee waa aadami ku kici kara gafaf xirfadeed, iyo habdhaqan liita oo wax u dhimaya milgihii iyo maamuuskii xileed ee ay ummada u hayeen. Xeer Nidaamiyaha anshax ee dhawaan la sameeyay, ma aha mid guud oo koobsanaya xilalka garsoor guud ahaanba, balse waa mid ku eeg Garsooreyaasha Maxkamadaha hoose iyo Ku xigeennada X/Ilaaliyaasha, amaba inta ay Guddida Caddaaladu awood u leedahay magacaabistooda iyo xilka-qaadistooda. Waxaana ka baxsan Garsooreyaasha Maxkamada Sare oo aynu hore u sheegnay inay xil ahaanba ka nugulyihiin kuwo Maxkamada hoose, kuna filanyihiin dikreeto Madaxweyne oo lagu kala diro.

Xeer Nidaamiyaha anshax marintu, uma yaallo qaab fulineed, wuxuu se u qoranyahay qaab sheeko ah, oo ka kooban qeybo iyo weedho dhaadheer (over-wording)  oo aan koobsanayn waajibaadka xirfadeed ee laga rabo Garsooyreyaasha iyo ku xigeennada X/Ilaaliyaasha. Kama hadlayo daah-furnaanta hannaanka baadhiseed iyo nidaamka dhegaysi ee la siinayo Garsooraha ama X/Ilaaliyaha la eedaynayo inta aan go'aan laga gaadhin

Taasi waa ta in kale go’aannada xilka qaadista garsooreyaasha iyo x/ilaaliyuhu in aanay usoo bixin kal-kali oo ku xidhan kolba garsooraha laga soo gudbisto cabasho iyo caddaymo ku lida. Balse waxaad arkeysa hal go’aan oo liis garsooreyaal ama x/ilaaliyaal ah is raacinaya ereyiddooda, anshax marintooda iyo ama ciqaab ahaan loogu badalayo hadba meel. Halkaas waxaad ka fahmi kartaa in aanay xilka-eryidda garsooreyaasha aanay ku wada dhisnayn kiis xaqiiqeedyo iyo dhacdooyin laga gungaadhay, se fadhiga Guddida Cadaaladdu uu ku salaysnaan karo hadba rabitaanka iyo jacaylka Maamulka sare ee Garsoorka iyo iskooxeysi daneed oo gudahooga oo kolba in kubadda meel ka wada laagta oo kala amar-qaadata lagu danaynayo iyada oo ciddii aan la qabsan karin hawlahaasi la bartilmaameedsanayo.

Shaacinta digniinaha xirfadeed ee loo gudbinayo warbaahintu, iyaduna waa mid liddi ku ah milgaha xirfadeed ee ay garsooreyaasha iyo Ku xigeennada Xeerilaaliyaashu ummada u hayeen. Digniinta koowaad iyo tan labaad ee loo gudbinayo Garsoore ama X/Ilaaliye waa mid qoraal ahaan isaga lagu wargaliyo, laguna socodsiiyo loona feyl-gareeyo, balse ma aha mid ummada lagu socodsiinayo oo warbaahinta iyo jaraaiddada magiciisa lagu faafinayo. Waayo, wali xilkii uu umadda u hayay lagama qaadin, sida darteed ayayna ahayn in ummadda loo qaawiyo ama maamuuska laga xayuubiyo mar haddii Garsooraha ama Dacwad-oogaha wali laga sugayo inuu soo saaro go’aamo saameyn doona xuquuqaha gar-raadiyayaasha.

Sidoo kale waxa wali la tabayaa Xeerkii Hawlgabka Garsooraha iyo X/Ilaaliyaasha in badan qaranka usoo shaqeynayay. Waxay ahayd in la ilaaliyo xuquuqda shaqo ee xilalkan garsoor, maadaama ay yihiin xilal muhiim u ah nabadgelyada iyo dhismaha Qarannimo. Waxaanay xil-hayayaashani Qaranka u galeen godobo badan, waxay xukumaan argagixiso, gacan-ku dhiiglayaal, iyo kuwo badan oo geystay dhagaro badan oo halis ku ah amniga iyo nolosha muwaadiniinta guud ahaan. Sidaas darteed ayaanay ahayn in la iska sii daayo, oo aan la dhawrin xuquuqdooda nololeed marka ay hawl gabaan, balse waxay Qaranka iyo ummaddaba ka mudanyihiin xaqdhawr iyo abaal-celin loo sameeyo.

Miisaaniyadda Garsoorka iyo caqabdaha dhaqaale.

Maxkamadda sare oo ahayd Qeybta ugu sarreysa garsoorka ayaa doorkeedu wuxuu ahaa mid ku eeg ka garnaqista feylasha ka yimaadda Maxkamadda Hoose. Waxaanay gabi ahaanba ka fara baxday doorkii maamul ee ay ku lahayd Nidaamka Guud ee Garsoorku ku shaqeeyo. Doorkeedaasi oo ahaa jaangoynta Siyaasadda Guud iyo Qorsheyaasha dhaw/fog ee uu Garsoorku ku shaqeyn doono, isagoo higanaya himilooyin cad-cad oo wax ku ool u noqda adeegga ay Maxkamaduhu u hayaan ummadda.

Tani waxay geyeysiisay inuu garsoorku noqdo, Waax dhaqaale ahaan arradan, oon ka kicin halkii uu taagnaa 1991-kii, halka ay Waaxaha kale ee qaranku ay agab ahaan, dhisme ahaan, iyo dad ahaanba horumareen. Waxa jirtey mar aanu baarlamaanku hool lehayn oo ay marti u noqon jireen Garsoorka, Maxkamadd sarena ay fadhigooga ku qabsan jireen, maantana waad arki kartaa faraqa u dhexeeya labadan Waaxood, markaad dusha ka milicsato dhismeyaasha kala-jiidan ee sheedda kaaga soo hirayo, iyo maqsinnada dhagaxa ee dirqi lagu arkayo ee ahaan jirey Maxkamadihii Ingiriiska. Waagaasi Ingiriiska dalku haystay, oo tirada dadweynaha ku nool Magaalooyinka iyo dacwaduhuba aanay meel kaga dhacayn xaqiiqada maanta jirta.

Garsoorka oo saldhig u ah caddaaladda iyo nabadda la rabo inay bulshadu kuwada noolaato, ayaan madax iyo shacaba la hilmaamin doorkeeda marka meelahaas laga hadlayo. Balse markaad waaqaca usoo noqoto, waxaad arkaysaa in aanay Siyaasadaha Qaranku ka dhabsheegaynin Mudnaanta Garsoorka iyo Caddaaladda. Waxaana taasi kaaga markhaati ah, miisaaniyadda ama dhaqaalaha loo qoondeeyay Garsoorku inuu ku hawlgalo. Miisaaniyad Sannadeedka Garsoorkuna dhibic kama noqonaysa marka la bar-bardhigo tan ay qoondeysteen Labada Waaxoodee Kale. Tusaale ahaan,  Waxa Guud ahaan Garsoorka oo ay ku jirto Xeer-ilaalintu kaga soo hagaaga  2.2% Miisaaniyadda Qaranka. (Miisaaniyad 2016).

Bal aynu soo qaadanno Miisaaniyaddii sannadkii hore (2016), si aad u fahamto, heerka tixgalinteed ee Garsoorka la siiyay marka jaangoynayo Qorshaha sannadeedka Qaranka. Ma taqaannaa Wasaaradda Xidhiidhka Goleyaasha? Ma sheegi kartaa adeeg toos ah oo ay umadda qabato? Mase rumeysan kartaa haddii lagu yidhaahdo waxay wasaaraddaasi (laga yaabo in aanad arag halka ay ku taallo) ay miisaaniyadda loo qoondeeyay adeeggeegu uu ka badanyahay kan loogu talogalay kharashaadka adeeg ee Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka, Gobollada iyo Rafcaannada dalka oo dhan?

Adeegga Wasaaradda Xidhiidhka waxa loo qoondeeyay kharash sannadeed dhan 812,400,00 SLSH, halka adeegga Maxkamadahaasi dalkoo dhan ka garsoora maalinkasta min degmo illaa Gobol uu yahay 575, 908,800 SL SH. 

Sidoo kale kharashka lagu bixiyo alaabta Maxkamadaha Dalka oo dhan (mid sare iyo kuwo hoosaba) oo ah  1,112,408,800 SL SH waxa ka badan Kabka la siiyo Ururka ama NGO-ga aan dad badani maqlin ee la yidhaahdo Degmo Heritage and Rural Life oo ah 1,500,000,000 SL SH.

Halka sidoo kale Mushaharka loo qoondeeyay Naafada Qaranka oo ah 19,425,369,600 SL SH uu isna  ka badanyahay Miisaaniyadda Maxkamaha ka hawlgala Gobollada dalka oo dhan, oo aanay ku jirin Maxkamadda Sare. 

Hay'adahaasi kooban een soo qaatay dhaqaalaha loo qoondeeyay, oo aan runtii mid kamid ah la bar-bar dhigi karin kaalinta uu Garsoorku (Maxkamadaha iyo Xeerilaalintu) kaga jiro dhismaha Qaranka iyo taabogalinta Nabadgalyada la doonayo inay bulshada kala hesho, kuna wada noolaato. Mana aha wax lagu qanci karo; marka aad maqasho xukuumad ku doodaysa inay mushkiladda  miisaaniyad yaraanta Garsoorku tahay mid ay sababtay xaaladda dhaqaale ee Dalku, balse aanay ahayn siyaasad xumo xaggeega ah. Waxaana taasi beeninaya shaxda miisaaniyadda iyo  sida loo qoondeeyo Dakhli sannadeedka Qaranka. Waayo waxaad arkaysaa, hay'ado iyo Guddi iyo dheeraad ah, oo aan adeegyo toos ah u qaban bulshada, oo loo qoondeeyay dhaqaale aan caqligal ahayn. Halka hay'ado qabta adeegyo asaasiya oon saacad qudha laga maarmaynin, ay ku shaqeeyaan duruufo adag oo  dhaqaale.  

Haddii aynu kusoo noqono xaaladda dhaqaale ee Garsoorka; hore ayaan usoo sheegnay inay tirada faylasha kusoo fatahaya Maxkamadda sare, tirada kooban ee garsooreyaasheeda iyo halka hool ee ka dhexeeya uu ku tusayo, halka ay taagantahay caqabada agab (facilities) ee uu la ildaranyahay garsoorku. Maqsinnada uu bedkoogu yahay labada mitir, ee laba jibaarani, ee ay Garsooreyaashu ku galaan dhegaysiyadu, ma aha, deegaan ku haboon dhegaysi dacwadeed, oo la doonayay inay u furnaanto dadweyne kasoo qeybgala dhegysiga dacwadda. Waxaana jilbaha iyo gacmaha is lasoo gaadhaya Garsoorayaasha iyo eedaysanayaasha la dacweynayo, taasina waxay khatar ku tahay nabadgalyada jidheed iyo maamuuskii garsooraha ee fadhiga looga kici jirey. 

Mushaharka garsooruhu ma aha isna mid ku filan, waana mid suququl ku ah garsooreyaasha, Waxaanay sidoo kale Miisaaniyad yaraanta Garsoorku ay caqabad kale ku tahay in la kordhiyo garsoorayaal tababaran oo leh xirfad sharciyeed iyo meelo ay ku hawl galaan. Halka mushaharka garsooreyaasha gobollada ka hawlgalaa uu yahay mid ay si saddex  biloodle ah u qaataan, taasoo caqabad ku ah nolosha garsooraha loo badalo gobol aanu hore u daganaan jirin.

Walaw la sameeyay dadaalo loogu kordhinayay mushaharka Garsoorayaasha intii uu Talada la wareegay Xisbiga Kulmiye, hadana hoos u dhaca qiimaha shilinka Somaliland oo ku dhaw libin laab, ayaa waxoogaagii yaraa ee lagu doodi lahaa in loo kordhiyay ka dhigaya hal bacaad lagu lisay. Waxaana suurtogal ah, haddii loo kuurgalo mustawaha nololeed ee maanta iyo mushaharka ay qaataan Garsooreyaashu; in wax u kordha iska daayoo,  laga yaabo in halkii uu taagnaan jirey ka hooseeyo.

Mana jiro tansiilaad kale ama kabis ay gobollada iyo degmooyinku siiyaan Maxkamadaha ka hawlgala. Mana jiraan maamullada gobollada iyo degmooyinku guryo (accommodations) ay ugu talogaleen Garsooreyaasha iyo Ku xigeennada X/Ilaaliyaasha ee gobolkooga loosoo badalo, umana kireeyaan hoy ay galaan, si ay noloshoodu isku dabooshu. Ma  jirto siyaasad Qaran oo laga yeeshay arrintaasi, taasina waxay kalliftay in Garsoorihii gurigiisa laga badalay uu kireysto guri kale oo ay shaqadu qasabtay isagoo dhaqaalaha la siiyaana aanu u qeybsami Karin kiro iyo masaariif.

Gabo-gabo iyo Gunaanad

 Guntii iyo  gabagabadii in Garsoor uu madax bannaanyahahay iyo in kake waxa laga gartaa Maxkamadda Maxkamadihiisa ugu Sarraysa. Somaliladna waxaynu ognahay in Guddoomiyah maxkamadda sare mooyee ay Garsoorayaasha kale ee maxkamadda Sare ay hoos joogaan Naxariista hadba Madaxweynaha Jooga (Qod 105 Dastuurka). Waxa jirta in Guddida Caddaaladda ee maamusha maxkmadaha heer Gobol ay ku jiraan xubno ku qalaad Garsoorka oo door iyo saamayn ku yeelan kara Geedisocodkii maamul ee Maxkamadaha. Waxaynu ognahay in Xeerka Nidaamka Garsoorku ka gaabiyay inuu Maxkamadda Gudaheeda kala nidaamiyo: oo aanu kala hagaajin karin Guddoomiye Maxamadeed iyo Garsoorayaasheeda, haday tahay qaabka dacwadaha loo qeybsanayo iyo hadday  tahay hawl kale oo ka dhaxaysaba. Doodda/khilaafka dhexmara Guddoomiye iyo Garsoore maxkamadeedna uu xalkeedu yahay kolba siday ugu kala dheereeyaan Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare (Chief of Justice). Waxaan la dafiri karin in ay maxkamadaha iyo eed-oogayaashuba ay u nugulyihiin saamayn dhaqaale, oo waxay qaataan uu suququl ku yahay noloshooda, loomana fidin tansiilaad kale oo kaaba noloshooda, sida guryo ama dhul ay dagaan. Isla markaana aanay lahayn goobo ku filan oo ku haboon fadhiyada dhagaysi ee ay bulshada u qabtaa, oo aanay iyaga iyo kuwa ay xukumayaan waxba u dhaxayn oo faraha isla soo gaadhayaan. Markaad daristo qabyooyinkaasi dastuurku keenay, iyo goldaloolooyinka ay leeyihiin xeerarka kale ee ka farcamaa iyo duruufaha kale ee macnawiyan iyo maaddiyan samaynaya Garsoorayaasha iyo dacwad-oogayaashaba (prosecution) ee ay kamidka tahay xuquuq la’aantu (gunnada hawlgabka), lama diidi karo inay yihiin arrimahaasi kuwa ugu waaweyn ee la hadhay tayadii adeeg ee laga filayay inuu Garsoorka Somaliland fidiyo soddon sanno kadib asaaskiisii. Iyo labaatan sanno ku dhawaad intii loo gudbay marxaladdii Qaran dhiska (state-building) oo kasoo bilaabmaysa wixii ka dambeeyay 1997-kii, markii laga gudbay marxaladihii nabadaynta.

Talo soo Jeedin

1. Waa in dib-u-habayn lagu sameeyo qaab-dhismkeedka sharciyeed guud ee Garsoorka, iyada oo dib loo eegayo qodobbada dastuur ee khuseeya;

(A)-Magacaabista iyo xil ka qaadista Garsooreyaasha Maxkamadda Sare.

(B)-Qaab-dhismeedka Guddida Caddaalada (Dastuurka; Qod 107), iyadoo xubnaha laba-xillayaasha ah (double role members) ee ka tirsan Waaxaha Fulinta iyo Baarlamaanka laga saarayo. Laguna beddalayo Xubno lagu xushay waayo-aragnimo sharciyeed, shareeco iyo Dhaqanba. Kuwaasi oo ka madax-bannaan siyaasadda. 

(C)-Waa in Guddida Cadaaladda laga dhigo hey'ad jirta oo si joogta ah u shaqeysa oo leh imkaaniyaadkii hay'adeed sida dhisme u gaar ah, hawl-wadeenno joogto ah iyo miisaaniyad qaran oo ay ku hawlgasho, oo aanay ahaanin xubno shaqooyin kala haysta oo uu Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda sare isugu yeedho fadhiyadooda maalinta uu qaar eryayo ama uu koox cusub magacaabanayo.

2. In la sameeyo Xeerka Wadashaqaynta Wasaaradda Caddaalada iyo Garsoorka ee uu jideeyey Qodobka 106-aad ee Dastuurka.

3. Waa in iyada oo Qodobka 103-aad Dastuurka ee Qeexaya Xeer Ilaalinta la qabyo tiraa oo la sameeyaa Xeerkii X/Ilaalinta Guud asaasayay Qaab-dhismeedka hay’ad ahaaneed ee Xafiiska iyo doorka ay ku leeyihiin dambi baadhista, qaabka ay u wadashaqeynayaan bilayska ulana xisaabtamayaan eed-oogista ka hor, doorka ay ku leeyihiin daraasaynta iyo xog-keydinta dambiyada iyo dambigeystayaasha si looga hortago mustaqbalka, una dajigaan siyaasadeeda (National Criminal Justice policy). Kaliya doorka X/ilaalintu ma aha in ay oogaan eedaha ay saldhigyada bilaysku usoo gudbiyaan. Xeerkani waxa awoodo ballaadhan siin Xeer-ilaalinta Guud hey'ad ahaan iyo hawl-gudasho ahaanba saraakiisheeda maadaamo oo ay yihiin tiir caddaaladeed oon la hilmaami karin doorkooga.

4. Waa in la sameeyo qeyb cilmi-baadhiseed ama deraasadeed oo si madax-bannaan u derista Halka uu Marayo Adeegga Garsoor iyo Ku Dhaqanka Sharcigu, iyo Caqabadaha hay’adeed (institutional challenges) ee hortaagan ka libkeenista Ujeeddooyinkii loogu talo galay Garsoorka, iyo Sharci-fuliyayaasha (Law enforcement),

5. Waa in Garsoorka awood u yeesho, ka go’aan gaadhista Miisaaniyaddiisa, iyadoo ay ka qeyb-qaadanayaan Garsooreyaasha iyo X/Ilaaliyayaasha ka hawlgala Maxkamadaha Hoose ee Gobollada dalka, si loo helo xog ururin dhammeystir oo ka tarjumeysa baahiya iyo duruufaha guud ee ku gadaaman adeegyada Garsoor ee ay fidiyaan.

6. In kor loo qaado Mushaharooyinka iyo Gunnooyinka Garsooreyaasha iyo Xeer-Ilaaliyaasha, oo xilal muhiim ah oo joogta ah u haya Qaranka. Taasi oo dhiganta inta ay qaataan xildhibaannada Baarlamaanka ee ay shaqadoodu wakhtiilaha tahay. Waayo maalin qudha ma istaagi karto shaqada Maxkamaddu ama garsooruhu.

7. In la daadejiyo Miisaaniyadda Maxkamadaha Rafcaanada iyo Gobolladu ku hawl-galaan, iyada oo la dejinayo nidaam-xisaabeed, daah-furan, oo xisaab-celin wakhtiyaysan leh. Si ay Maxkamaduhu awood ugu yeeshaan inay helaan Kharash ay ku fuliyaan hawlaha asaasiga ah ee ay shaqadooda ku xidhan tahay.

8. Waa in la badiyo qolalka dhegaysiga ee u qaabeysan una qalabeysan hannaanka lagu yaqaan meelaha ay Maxkamaduhu ku galaan Dhegaysiyada, si looga baxo fadhiyada dhegaysi ee ka dhaca qolalka yar-yar ee cidhiidhiga ah. Waayo badi  Qolalka ay garsoorayaashu ku galaan dhegaysiyadu, waa qaar uu qaadkoogu yaryahay oon saamaxayn inay dadweyne dhegaystayaal ahi kalasoo qaybgalaan, lana ogaadaan waxa uu meesha kawado Garsooruhu iyo sida uu ilaalinayo dhex-dhexaadnimada dhegaysiga, Qolalkani waxay dirqi ku qaadayaan uun dhinacyada iyo wakiiladooda sharciyeed iyo maragyada ay khusayso dacwadda meesha lagu hayaa. Nidaamkeena Garsoorna waa mid ‘xalaal iftiinbaa la qashaa ah” oo loogu talogalay in uu ahaado mid la isla arkayo sida uu wax u wado (Not only must Justice be done; it must also be seen to be done). Mid ay tahay inay noqdaan doodaha dhinacyada is-hayaa kuwo u furan dhegeysiga iyo kasoo qeybgalka dadweynaha, oo aan ku ekeyn uun Maxkamadda oo qudha (Qodobada 97,98-aad XHC) iyo (Qod 14,16-aad ICCPR). Mana aha in haddii Xafiis-ku-dhegaysigaasi lagu bilaabay sagaashameedyadii, in illaa maanta la la sii haysto oo la qabatimo. Balse waa in la ogaadaa in ayna sida ay wax u socdaan aanay ahayn sidii loogu talogalay in wax lagu dhegaysto. Waa ina lagu darsadaa baahiyaha aan waxba laga qaban ee illaa maanta uu Garsoorku tabayo. Markaasaa la gudo gali karaa, xisaabtana lagu darsan karaa sidii loo hirgalin lahaa  Waana waajib in Laguna arkaa Astaantii iyo Milgihii Maxkamadeed (Standard of Court facility) meeshan lagu muujinayo Sarreynta Sharciga.

9. Waa in la curiyo Xeerkii Hawlgabka Garsoorka, iyada oo si ballaadhan looga qeyb-galinayo Dhinacyada uu khuseeyo. Waayo waa laga maarmaan in qofka caddaaladda lagu sugayo, isaga marka hore loo caddaalad sameeyo oon laga hakran wixii qaranku awoodo, iyadoo la tixgalinayo Kaalinta uu Qaranka uu kaga jiro adeeggiisu. Mana aha in laga siiyo mudnaanta kuwo kale, oo aan lahayn culayskani shaqo. Maadaamo, oo ay waaxdani tahay meel siyaasad ahaan dhex-dhexaad ah (politically nonpartisan) oo aan ku lug lahay kooxa kula loolamaya hoggaaminta dalka, waxay Garsoorayaashu noqdeen, kuwo la iska illoobey oonse la illoobi karin shaqaday u hayaan qaranka. Waaxdanina waxay noqotay mid aan cod ku lahayn, oo aanay cidi ku matalin meelaha lagu qaadanayo ama lagu dajinayo Siyaasadaha Maamul ee Dalka lagu hago. Manay yeelan Hannaan Muumul (oo dhaafsiisan Maareynta galdacwadeedyada) sida waaxaha kale hanaqaaday, oo curiyay Siyaasad Guud oo leh bartilmaameedyo ay higsanayso waqtiga dhaw iyo ka foba. Sidaa darteed ayaan soo jeedinayaa in uu Garsoorayaashu iyo dacwadoogayashaabu ay isku baraarujin lahaayeen sidii ay cod  mideysan ugu doonan lahaayeen Xaqooqa hawlgabka oo aaney cid gaar ah ku halleynin, mar haddii ay xaaladda jirtaa tahay “Ninkaan hadlin habartii qadisey”. Waayo markey xuquuqdooda helaan, ayay ciddi kale la dulmeyna xaqooga dooni karaan. 

10. Waa in anshax-marinta iyo la xisaabtamidda Garsooreyaashu marto nidaam rasmiya, daah-furan, oo dhegaysigiisa laga soo qeybgali karo, ka hor intaan la soo saarin go’aamo saameynayaya xilalka Garsooreyaasha iyo Xeer-ilaaliyayaasha. Sidoo kale Nidaamka La Xisaabtanka Garsoorku, waa in aanu ahaan mid u taagan Anshax-marin qudha, balse waa inuu sidoo kalena lahaado abaalmarin. Oo uu lahaada Nidaam Qiimeynaya Shaqada uu Garsooreyaasha iyo Xeerilaalintuba u heyso Qaranka. Taasi oo u baahan in Nidaamka Qiimeyntu uu ka bilaabmo Hannaanka Dib-u-eegisaha ama Rafcaannada ay Maxkamaduhu dib-isugu-eegaan, Taasi oo Xukummada iyo Eedaha u badan ee ay Maxkamaduhu ayiddaan, iyo kuwa nusqaanta sharciyeed iyo xaqiiqo leh ee kasoo baxaba la kala Garto Garsoooryaaha iyo Dacwad-oogayaasha ay inta badan ka kala yimaaddaan. Waana shaqada Maxkamadaha Dib-u-eegista/Rafcaanka (Review courts) oo la filayo inay Ka hawlgalaan Garsooreyaal ka khibrad iyo aqoon badan Maxkamadah Garnaqa leh (Trial Court). Waana in aanay Maxkamadaha Rafcaanku ku ekaan burinta, ayiddida iyo dib-u-celinta go'aammada looga soo cabto uun, balse waxay ahayd In ay lahaadaan Nidaam daahfuran oo ay Rikoodhgaraynayaan Go'aamada ugu badan ee laga soo cawdo mawduuca ay u badanyihiin, si loo xaqiijiyo iney cabashooyinkaasi ay salka ku hayaan Goldaloolo sharciyeed oo ka jirta Xeerarka la xidhiidha Mawduuca laga garnaqayo (substantive laws) ama kuwa hannaan dacwadeedyada maamula (procedural laws).

Waa in hoosta laga xarriiqo Garsooreyaasha iyo Xeer-ilaalinta ay marwalba jiraan asbaabo sharci oo go'aamadooda lagagasoo rafcaanqaato, amaba ay Maxkamada Rafcaanku ay u garawdo cabashooyinka Rafcaanlayaasha. Tani waxay fududayn lahayd in dib-u-qiimeyn lagu sameeyo heerka aqooneed ee Garsooraha, oo laga yaabo in aanu Qeybtaasi sharciyeed (Specific area/discipline) ee ka garnaqayo aanu aqoon durugsan u lehayn, loona xilsaari lahaa Eeriya kale oo sharciyeed oo uu kaga fiicanyahay, iyo in la ogaadaba inuu aqoon ku filan leeyahay se uu ka badheedho eexda ama qaladaadka sharci ama xaqiiqo ee mar walba lagaga soo rafcaan qaato( danta uu doono ha ka lahaadee).

11. Waa in aaney noqon uun Xilkaqaadista, hoos-u-celinta iyo badalidda Garsooruhu/Dacwad-ooguhu mid ku timid cabasho gaar ah oo ka timid gal uu hayay oo dhinac danaynayaa kasoo gudbistay. Waana in aanay tallaabo kasta oo ay Guddida Caddaaladu Qaadaa noqon mid lagu baraarujiyay oo aanay cadho kula dhicin Garsoorayaal/ Dacwad-oogeyaal intay qabteen ay ka badantahay inta laga tirsanayo, iyadoo tallaabooyinkaasi lagu raaligalinayo ciddaasi gaarka ah. Wuxuu se Nidaamkaasi Dib-u-eegistu oo ah hawl si joogta ah u socota, uu abuuri lahaa daaqad laga arko Waxqabadka Garsooraha ama dacwad-oogaha. Waxaana taasi laga fahmi karaa asbaabta Go'aan ee ay Maxkamadda Rafcaanku ku naqdiday (analysis) go'aanka Garsoorihii hore, ama go'aankii x/ilaaliyuhu qaatay marka uu isku qanciyay in dambi dhacay, cidda uu ku eedaynayaana geysatay. Go'aannada Dib-u-eegistuna waxay u baahnaan doonaan Xeeldheerayaal Sharci oo asbaabtooda si cilmeyaysan ugu lafagura una  toosiya tarbiicooyinka ka dhex muuqda go'aanada ka hooseeya.

12. Waa in la joojiyo baahinta digniinaha shaqo ee ay Guddida Caddaaladdu soo saarto, maaddaamo oo ay digniinta shaqo tahay arrin khuseysa cidda loo digayo oo qudha.

                                                                                 Dhammaad

TUSAALAHA GODKA (ALLEGORY OF CAVE)

R

 TUSAALAHA GODKA(The Allegory of Cave)

   Sheekadani Godku waa tusaale uu keenay Plato oo ahaa Filasoof Giriig ah ( 514a–520a) ama qarnigii 4aad ee ka horeeyay Miilaadiga. Waxa uu usoo qaatay sheekadani si uu macneeyo doorka ay falsafaddu ku leedahay ogaalka xaqiiqaqada jiraalka. Waxa ay dadka Godku u qeybsamaan saddex kooxood oo kala ah: 1) kuwa maxaabiis ah oo silsilsadaysan (2) kuwa aan maxaabiis ahayn oo Godka iska deggan oo maxaabiista maamula (3) qaar kale oo xor ah oo raba in ay Godkaasi afaafkiisa helaan si ay ugu baxaan.

 kuwa maxaabiista ahi waa qaar ku silsiladaysan gidaar oo dhan kaliya uwada jeeda. Dhankaasi ay u jeedaan waxa ah gidaarka kale oo kusoo celinaya kaaha dab baxaya. Dabku uma muuqda oo waxa uu ka ololayaa meel ka dambaysa kana sarraysa gidaarka ay dhabarka ku hayaan ee ay silsiladdu ugu xidhantahay (eeg sawirka hoose). 

 Waa kuwa labaade waa waa qaar xor ah oon silsiladaysnayn se aan ka bixin godka gudihiisa, aaminsana in aan laga bixin karin oo adduunku inuu isaga yahay. Kuwani waxa ay wax baraan maxaabiistaasi oo kolba muuqaal u eeg waxyaabaha jira sida xayawaan ama geed, ayay kor u qaadaan oo ay ku beegaan kaaha ka dambeeya, marka uu hadhka muuqaalkaasi ku dhaca gidaarka shaashadda u ah maxaabiistaasi ayay u sheegaan muuqaalkaasi waxa uu yahay sida Geed, Shimbir, Bakayle. Barrina waxay weydiiyaan waxa uu yahay shaygaasi hadhkiisu haysto gidaarka, markaasay gartaan oo ay u sheegaan inuu Bakayle yahay ama daayeer. Maxaabiistu uma arkaan muuqaaladaasi humaagyo ama hadh, se waxa ay u haystaan in ay xaqiiqo yihiin, in ay Dacawada, Geedka iyo Bakayluhu iyo jiraallada kalaba ay yihiin kuwan hortooda ka muuqda oo aanay qaar kale jirin. In ay qaab ahaan uun u kala duwanyihiin se ay isku wada midabyihiin. 

    Qolada saddexaad, waa qaar silsiladdaasi iska jabiyayay oo raba in ay godkaasi dibadda uga baxaan si ay u helaankii iftiin ay ku arki karaan  midabadii iyo xaqiiqadii humaagyadii ay godka ku daawan jireen.

    Saddexda qolo maxay kala yihiin? 

Qolada koowaad ee silsiladaysan waa bulshada inteeda badan ee caammada ah, qolada labaad waa inta ay u xidh-xidhanyihiin ee harawsata caamada, adduun-arraga godka ka dhex jirana ku maamusha. Qoladani iyaguna godka kama baxaan, waxa ay dib u baraan maxaabiista wixii iyana la bari jiray  markii ay maxaabiista ahaan jireen. Qolada saddexaad ee silsiladdaasi jabisay, ee raadinaysa in ay godkaas mugdiga ah ka baxaan si ay u gaadhaan iftiinka dibadda ee ay ku arki karaan jirraalada dhabta ah, waa filasoofyada.

  Tusaalahani Plato waxaan odhan lahaa waxa uu odoros usii ahaa Shaneemooyinka casriga ahaa ee projecktarka la inoogu qabto gidaarka.

   Ka tixraac "Allegory of Cave" buugga "The Republic" ee Plato qoray.

      Lafagurkii Garyaqn Maxamed Axmed Cabdi Bacaluul.

WANKII BENUURJI

 

  WANKII BENUURJI

Sheekadani waxay ka mid tahay sheekooyinka ka caanka ah carriga Faransiiska. Waxa jiray nin ganacsade ahaa oo la odhan jiray Dondono. Dondono waxa uu ahaan jiray mid arxandaran  oo deeq iska daaye aan deyna waxba laga heli jirin haddii xataa haddii uu qofku u dhimanayo wax uu hayo. Dandoono oo maalin ka mid ah maalmaha ayaa k deegaan kale adhi ka soo rartay. Waxa uu doontii adhiga u sidday uu kula kulmay nin la odhan jiray Benuurji, oo dadkii rakaabka ahaa ka mid ah. Markii ay doonto shiraaqatay ee rakaabkii ay qaladii ka baxday ee wada sheekaysteen, ayaa Benuurji loo sheegay uu ay doonto u rarantahay ninkaa adhiga ku dhex jiraa oo la yidhaahdo Dandoono. Dandoono, maadaamo oo u ganacsade wayn ahaa, magiciisa iyo xantiisuba kuma cusba. 

Benuurji waa nin faduul badani, waxa uu dhaqaaqay xaggii Xaaji Dandoono, bariido iyo is-barasho gaaban dabadeedna, waxa uuku yidhi waxaan doonayaa in aan kaa iibsado wankaa adhiga u weyn. Dandoono ayaa wankii ku baayacay qiimo afar laab ka badan intuu ahaa.  Waa nin uu ogyahaye, iskuma lurin gorgortankiisa oo qiimihii uu sheegtay ayaabu wankii ka siistay.

  Lacagtii haddii la kala tirsaday, ayuu Benuurji inta uu wankii weynaa macasha qabtay, ayuu intii uu xoogiisu ahaa u giraan-giriyay geestii ay baddu ka xigtay.  Wankii oo xawaare sare ku ordaya oo taraarsan ayaaba ka booday doontii, baddii shulaacinaysayna calaa madax u galay. Adhigii kale oo u jeeda waxa dhacaya, ayaaba isna kolkiiba ka daba qamaamay oo iyaga wada ciyaya neef neef ugu oo wada jabay docdii uu ka baxay Wankii Benuurji.

Dandoono oo judhiiba xero-bi'iisa arkay, ayaa isna ku dhex waashay sida uu kolba hormo qamaamsani 'hushta" u hayay,  iyaguna ay iyaga oo dhagaha nabaya oo afar qaadaya ayay labada dacal yuf uga dhaafayeen, isna uugaankii ku hafay. Isma ogee, Dandoono sidii uu kolba dhinac ugu barriiqanayay, marba marka kasii dambaysa uu dib uga sii guranayay isaga afkasta ku cabaadaya si uu hakiyo ayaaba qar-qarkii doonta la isla tagay.

     Goosankii u dambeeyay oo maqiiqan haddii uu is yidhi isku dhig, ayuu sidii baalallayda is kala bixiyay labada gacmood hareeraha u fidiyay, lawyahana midba meel dhigay sidii goolhaye ay darbadi kusoo socoto. Maxaa xigay, idihii xammeysnaa iyo Dandoono oo is wata ayaaba sida baarashuutka doonidii ka wada goostay oo badweyntii iskula dhacay. Ma Dandoono oo la is yaqaan ayay cidi u miciini doontaa!  oo qofkasta oo rakaab ah ka qaaday nooli toban laab ah, maadaamo oo ay doonto u ahayd ingeydh. 

    Halkaas ayuu wankii Benuurji ku sahayday odeygii Dandoono ahaa. Sidaa ayaa wax kasta oo ay Faransiisku ka shakiyaan in ujeeddo qarsoon laga yeelan karo ayay yidhaahdaan "Les moutons de Panurge " oo macnaheedu u dhigmo "waa Wankii Benuurji".

   Laba nuxur ayay sheekadani xambaarsantahay oo laga dheehan karaa. Waa kan koowaade, waxa ay ku binnixinaysaa in arrin ama fal aadame oo si caadi ah kuula muuqda ay ujeeddo aan kuu muuqani ay ku laabnaan karto. Waa ta labaade, waxay ku baraysaa in bulshada inteeda kas-gaabka ah lagu yaqaan hugunraaca iyo is-dabayaacaas, oo aan lagu aqoon is-khilaaf iyo wax-isweydiintoona; sida laxahaas ayay isu eegtaan oo halka uu midi ka boodo ayay ka wada daba booddaan.

Waxa Tarjumay Mohamed Ahmed Abdi Bacaluul

SOMALILAND AND PUNTLAND SHOULD BE RATIONAL TO AVOID TROUBLES OF THE SOUTH. By advocate Mohamed Ahmed Abdi Ba'aluul.

 

SOMALILAND AND PUNTLAND SHOULD BE RATIONAL TO AVOID TROUBLES OF THE SOUTH (Published November, 2018).

 By advocate Mohamed Ahmed Abdi Ba'alul. 

Exporting southern problems to the north will not be a solution for the war-torn population in Mogadisho and Kismayo. Being free from war businesses in Somalia, Farmajo’s presidency seems to be a glimpse of hope for those who learned about his appearance in Shekh Sharif's interim government. Because of his inexperience and untested personality, Farmajo seems to be unwise when he is tempted into Arb’s tug-of-war games. 

Farmajo’s tenure, was unwilling to attain its territorial claims through deadly military engagements.  Last month, It was evident that Farmajo was doing whatever he could to disturb Somaliland’s investment opportunity, in which Dubai and Ethiopia are expected to develop the infrastructure of Ber-bara port.  Farmajo was doing this to please his Qatari and Turkish patrons, disregarding the development of this investment will contribute to the region. He mobilized his Mogadisho Parliament to ridiculously outlaw the tripartite treaty, and ousted Jaware (Chairman of parliament) who appeared to be confused about the substance of that motion. Respectively, they never stopped to call the Security Council's attention to terminate the investment deal, and now, enough to sink the ship, Farmajo is building up armies and weapons in the name of Darodism along the border.

Before those manipulations, Puntland as a neighboring region had shared common things with Somaliland. Both administrations have developed cooperative policies in many respects, including security, commerce and social movement. The political stability and the resilience of Somaliland was a model for Puntland— which is the only region that succeeded in building up a functioning administration in Somalia. Like Somaliland, they defiantly decided to do business with the UAE, which was not in favour of the Federal Government. If we put it in Somaliland’s perspective, this was seen as a rightful choice; for Garoowe administration to develop its infrastructure in the same way that Mogadisho improved its air and seaports with Turkish investment. It is not right to interpret the military counteractions as antipathy towards those who live across the border, but if asked, Somalilanders will not hesitate to admit what the stability of Puntland's polity means to them, since it provides them a buffer against the stresses of the South.

What makes Sool and Sanaag a contentious issue was not the cross-bordering ideal of Darodism that we recently heard from Groowe.  These claims were not there before Abdillahi Yousuf. It is him who said that including Dhulbahante and Warsengali figures in Garowe conference was no more than a political maneuver aimed to disturb Somaliland's effort toward recognition. On the other hand, Somaliland had no interventionist policy, seeing that it had done nothing to interrupt the arrangements of Puntland's First Conference, whereas Mr Yousuf admitted in his Halgan and Hagardamo book  his involvement in conspiracy before the nascency of his Garowe bureaucracy.

It is good for Puntland's unskilled leader, and his colleague, Farmajo, to read the memoir of their Forefather (Abdillahi Yousuf) before they answer whether Tukaraq is a worth-fighting issue or not. Las-anod was left to itself to directly choose its local council, since Garoowe had failed to get its first elected Mayor.  The basic question that one should ask himsef is whether Abdulhakeem Amey of Puntland  is the true advocate for Sool people, or the 25 councilors whom they supported with their votes?

If Puntland claims Sool and Sanaag territories on the basis of its blood-relation logic; it should define its attitude towards the people with whom their relatives are coexisting with; are they cast from another planet? It is a shame for its administration to engage their peace-loving people in the uncertainty of a brand new, ethnic-related hostility. Somalilanders believe that people would be lucky, if they took advantage from their kinship with Puntland and citizenship in Somaliland at once. Nothing prevents them from being the brothers of one and the cousins of the other.

 The pastoral life of those regions does not need territorial restrictions and patrolling troops, but to live out the troubles of the urban classes.  So Puntland’s argument is nothing more than demagoguing Somaliland people with hatred. Previously, Abdillahi Yousuf had failed to adopt his Nazi-like pan-darodism advocacy, when the lower juba Marehans of Kismayo refused to be-dictated from Graroowe, and chose a non-clan-related alliance with another group (Hawiye, eyr). In this regard, only Harti communities will neither be logical nor empirical strategy, since there is no well-defined social topography that demarcates Harti-clans from their neighboring clans.

Whatever their clans,  Sool and Sanaag populations are interwoven in society. They are ecologically compelled to live side by side, despite their lineage diversity. The socio-economic structure of this area is non-urbanized, sparsely populated, where the lives of its communities depend on sharing pasture and water. So the dissidence of the Diaspora and certain office-holders in Garowe is not serving for the interest of their pastoral communities.

Yes, there are many things that are wrong in the make-up of Somaliland’s political structure. And I believe that wrongs cannot be righted by those who hang-out in Garoowe, but by those with whom the life and the development of their constituency is concerned. Although Somaliland is not a politically repressive or restricted environment, it has to do more to demonstrate its willingness to actually respond to the political grievances of Sool and Sanaag people. 

There should be more openness and flexibility from the part of the government, whenever the question of what the future of Somaliland's statehood holds for non-isaks, is on the table. Thanks to intellectuals like Ali Khalif, Ahmed Samatar and Hagle-tosiye, who shared the conviction that says 'Sool and Awdal should not treat themselves as the guests that wait to be served, rather standing in the ‘heat of the kitchen'

SHARCIGU MIYUU DAALIN UMMADEED QARIYAA?

"Ma sheegi karno ganacsatada aanu ku qabanno se keena alaabo dhacay ama bilaa tayo ah,..... Xeerbaa noo diidiya". Sidaa waxa yidhi masuul kamida saaraakiisha hay'adda Tayada ee Sonalilanf mar lagu Waraysanayay TV-ga ee MMTV.

In hal shakhsi oo macaash-doon ah, oo u badheedhay in uu halis galiyo bulshadeena oo dhan la dhawro danihiisa gaarka ah, ma waxa ay ka weyntahay tan guud ee ay dawladnimadu u joogto ilaalinteeda? 

     Qofka qof dila ayaaba magiciisa oo saddexan la baahiyaaye, oo la sheegaa in la qabtay, la dabajoogo ama la xikumaye, sidee ayay suurtogal u tahay in la yidhaahdo ha loo qariyo bulshada, mid sida ay u dhantahay ugu talogalay inuu wada sumeeyo, xoogaaga ay haystaana uu been kaga furto? 

     Hadda kuwaasi waa cadaw ama dulin dadka ku dul nool dhiiggooga iyo dhididkooga oo dawo uga dhigaya waxaanay ku dawobayn,  oo fursad u siinaya in uu cudur-keenihii (germs) uu kusii baaho marba marka ka danbaysa illaa oo uu gaadho heer aan lala tacaali karin. Midda kale sharcigu ma waxa uu ilaaliyaa cidda ku xadgudubta ee iyadu dhawri weyda, misa dhibanaha?

    Weynu ognahay in aanu sharci ilaalin khatar u baahan in la iska jiro halista lafteeda iyo cidda wadda ee ka tallaabsata xeeraka dhawra Bedqabka. Ciqaabaha sharci ee daImbiyada ay halistoodu saameyn guud leedahayna ee ka dhasha ku xadgudubka heerarka u yaalla dhawrista bedqabku maba yeelato masuuliyadoodu wax cudurdaar ah (kas-dhaaf, iwm) oo waxa la yidhaahdaa masuuliyaddaasi ka dhalataa waa mid culus ama waxa afka sharci loogu yeedhaa dambiyada ay masuuliyaddoodu culus tahay, "Strict liability offences".  

  Tusaale ahaan qofka gaadhi bilaa biriiga ah suuqa uu soo kaxaysta ee jidka lagu qabto, laguna caddeeyo, sharcigu uma eego in uu shil ku galay ama waxyeello sababay iyo in kale, sidoo kale kama dhegaysto haddii uu ku doodo "kamaan warqabin xaaladda gaadhiga", se sidiisaa ayaa dambigaas loogu qaadaa. Waxyeellada uu sababay haddii ay jirtana, wey kusii culaysisaa uun ciqaabta, ee ma aha mid dambi-falista go'aamisa. Sababta loo adkeeyayna way caddahay oo waxa la ilaalinayaa xilka qof iyo wadar ahaanba inaga saaran Ilaalinta Bedqabka Guud ee dadweynaha (Public safety and well-being).

   Nasiib darradu se waxa ay tahay, masuulkan si cad umuu sheegin illaa imika xeerkaas ilaalinaya kuwa noocaas ah ee ka shaqeynaya in la qariyo daalin haddi la iska ogaan lahaa laga waaqsan lahaa waxyeellada iyo dhagarta uu ku hayo ummadda.

  Qormadani waa falcelin (feedback,) wareysigaa ka dambeeyay markaan daawaday.

By Mohamed Ahmed Cabdi Ba'aluul
 

SIDEE AYUU FARAQA ARGTIYEED EE LABADA XISBI U JAANGOOYAA HAB-DHAQANKA SIYAASADEED EE MARAYKANKA?

SIDEE AYUU FARAQA ARGTIYEED EE LABADA XISBI U JAANGOOYAA HAB-DHAQANKA SIYAASADEED EE MARAYKANKA? 

  Si aad u fahamto muuqaalka guud (Political lay-out) iyo loolanka Siyaasadeed Maraykanka waa in aad fahamtaa arrimaha muhiimka ahee ay ku kala aragtida duwanyihiin labada Xisbi ee talada guud ee carrigaasi u tartama. Arrimahaasina  waxa ka mida: aragtiyaha falsafadeed, Dhaqaale (nidaamka cashuuraha iyo suuqa), Xukunka dilka ah, maamulka guud ee dawladnimada, daryeelka caafimaad (Health care),  Soo-galaytiga (immigration).

    Haddi aynu ku horayno kala-duwanaanshaha falsafadeed ee labada xisbi, oo ah kan saameynta ugu weyn ku leh masalooyinka siyaasadeed ee kale. Xisbiga dimuqraadigu aragti ahaan waa mid liberaali ah oo janjeedha dhinaca bidix. Liberaaliyadu waa aragti isbadal oo xoogeysatay qarniyadii dhexe, waxaana sal u ah fikradda odhanaysa "qofkastaaba isagaa is leh". Taas oo macnaheedu tahay qofna kuma qasbana in uu sida uu u noolaanayo uu ku raali galiyo cid kale oo aan naftiisa ahayn, sidoo kalana aanay  bulshada inteeda kale xaq u lahayn in ay u yeedhiso rabitaankooda. Walaw ay liberaaliyiintu ay sii kala xagjirsanyihiin, waxa ay kasoo horjeedaan mudnaan siinta aragtiyaha iyo xeerarka asal raaca ah ee ku sal ka leh dhaqanka bulshada oo ay diintu qeyb ka tahay. Waxaanay taas badalkeeda aaminsanyihiin in ay xeerarku dawladu noqdaan kuwa u shaqeeya sida taraafikada, oo meelaha ay is-duqeynta (rabitaanadu) ka dhici karaan uun jooga, inta kalana cida waliba ay xor u ahaato jihada ay u soconayso. Waana sababta aanu xisbigani mudnaan u siinin xeerarkii bulsho ee bud-dhiga u ahaa qoysnimada iyo xidhiidhada galmo (sida la isku gayo), iwm. 

   Xisbiga Jamhuuriga ahi waxyaabahaasi liddigooda ayuu qabaa. Mabda' ahaan waa  qunyar-socod (conservative) oo waxa ay xoogga saaraan in la dhawro waxyaabihii soo-jireenka ahaa ee heer qoys illaa bulsho dadku ka soo mideysnaayeen. Waxa ay aaminsanyihiin in uu qofku yahay qurub ka mida bulshada uu ku dhex noolyahay oo aanu illaa xad ka hor iman karin dhaqanka iyo caqiidada loo badanyahay, maadaama oo ay yihiin dabarka ugu adag ee isku haya xubnaha bulshada. Dawladnimadu ay waajib ku tahay in ay ilaaliso waxyaabahaasi bulshadu qiimayso sidoo kalana ay isku qiimeyso. Waxaanay ku adagyihiin arrimaha qoyska, tafiir badinta, diinta, iwm, iyaga oo intooda xagjirka ahi ay kasoo horjeedaan cid kasta oo ay u tuhmayaan in ay lasoo galayso habdhaqano kale oo qalaad. 

     Dhaqaalaha iyo sida loo maareynayo ayaa isna ah arrimaha lagu kala tagsanyahay. Xisbiga Dimuqaadigu waxa ay xoojiyaan aragtida odhanaysa "dhaqaale xor ah, oo dusha lagala socdo". Waxa ay leeyihiin waa in ay dawladdu la timaadaa siyaasado guud oo ay ku nidaamiso dhaqaalaha, sida in la cayimo ama  kor loo qaado xaddiga mushqaayadeed ee ugu hooseeya ee qofku ku shaqeyn karo saacadii (minimum wage), in xaddiga lagu salaynayo saamiga cashuureed ee ay bulshadu ku soo celinayso danaha guud uu u kala badnaado sida loo kala kiishad weyn yahay (progressive tax). In ay dawladdu isha ku hayso suuqa, kana warhayso bulshada inteeda badan ee wax laga iibinayo ee isticmaasha badeecadaha iyo adeegyada (consumer's protection), in aanay ganacsatada waaweyn ee gacanta ku haysa awoodda wax-soosaar u heshiinin sidii ay caqabadu u hordhigi lahaayeen ganacsatada dhexe ee soo koraysa iyo dabaqada dhexe ee xirfadlayda ah, sidaa aawadeedna la kala xaddido, si ay intii isku heer ahi ay goonidooda ugu tartamaan, dhaqaaluhuna u baaho.

  Qolada kale ee Jamhuurigu xagga cashuuraha, waxa ay taagantihiin aragtida odhanaysa waa in xaddi siman lagu saleeyaa cashuurta ku waajibta muwaadiniinta (fixed tax) oo aan xaddigaasi cashuureed lagu salaynin hadba inta uu yahay dakhliga uu qofku helo. Waxa ay aaminsanyihiin in uu suuqu xor ahaado oo ay fursadaha iyo tayadu jaangooyaan qiimaha wax lagu kala qaadanayo; haddii ay yihiin badeecado la iibinayo iyo haddii ay yihiin saacado shaqo oo la kala iibsanayo. Dawladduna aanay far-farayn ama xakamaynin nidaamka ganacsi ee sida dabiiciga ah tartanka ugu jira  tayo ahaan iyo tiro ahaan. 

 Ciqaabta dilka ah ee Garsoorku xukumo ayaa ka mid arrimaha ay doodaha ugu kulul ay ka taaganyihiin. Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah, waxa ay shaki badan ka qabaan wax-tarkiisa marka ay noqoto sida dambiyadaasi wax looga qabanayo. Waxa ay aaminsanyihiin in aanay ciqaabtani ahayn mid  lagaga waantoobo faldambiyeedyada ciqaabtoodu dilka tahay, iyada oo uu Federaalku ay si joogta ah u fuliyo sannad walba. Daraasad la sameeyay sanadadii u dambeeyay ayaa sheegaysa in 50% xisbiga dimuqraadiga ee Maraykanku ay qabaan in la laalo ciqaabta dilka. Halka uu 80% xisbiga Jamhuuriga ahi ay taageersanyihiin sharci ahaan fulinta dilka una arkaan in ay jiraan sababo maangal ah oo ka dhigaya sharcigani lagama maarmaan. Waxa jira qolooyin kale oo aan labada xisbitoona ahayn (independents) oo iyagu shaki ka weyn qaba maamul ahaan nidaamka caddaaladeed ee ciqaabta dalka (Dambi-baadhista,  X/ilaalinta iyo Maxkamadaha).  Waxaanay ku doodayaan in marka la eego sida uu shaqeeyo nidaamku ay aad u badan karto suurtogalnimada qof dambi laawe ah, tuhun aan la hubsan daraadeed dil loogu xukumi karo looguna fulin karo. 

 Dadka kusoo qulqulaya maraykanka ee aan kasoo tallaabin surimada sharciga ah ee dalka laga soo galo ayay tiradoodu kor u kacaysaa muddooyinkan dambe. Dhibaatada dhaqaale iyo amni ee tahriibtani ku hayso Maraykanka, gaar ahaan gobollada ee koonfurta xiga ayay labada xisbiba isla qirsanyihiin, waxa ay se ku kala duwanyihiin qaabka loo sugayo xadadka ama loo mustaafurinayo dadka sharci la'aanta ama dokumanti la'anta ku dhex jooga dalka.  Xisbiga Jamhuuriga ah waxa ay qabaan in dalka laga saaro oo cid kasta oo dokumanti sharci ah haysan, lana adkeeyo ilaalinta xadka Miksiko iyo u dhexeeya USA. Halka ay Xisbiga Dimuqraadigu leeyihiin ha loo maro nidaam sharci iyo garsoor oo lagu kala haadinayo soo-galaytiga. Waxa ay ku doodayaan waa in la kale reebo soo-galaytiga dib looga celinayo dalka, sida kuwa shantii sanno u dambeeyay joogay ee ahaa cashuurbixiyayaal shaqeysta, dambina aan galin iyo kuwa carruur ahaan ku soo galay, ama la nool xubno kale oo qoyskooda ah oo ay ku tiirsanyihiin.

    Guntii iyo gabagabadii, marka laga yimaado meelaahaas uu ololaha siyaasadeed labada xisbi ku kala duwanyahay, waxa xusid mudan in tiro lagu qiyaaso 38% oo ka mid ah codbixiyayaasha Maraykanku ay qiraan in ay  ka madaxbannaanyihiin labada xisbi, balse ay kolba kii ay ku qancaan doodiisa iyo kartida musharixiisa ay u codeeyaan.

          (Dhammaad)

       By  Mohammed Ahmed Cabi Bacaluul