GARSOORIDDA IYO XADDIDAADA DULUCDA

 Guddida Diiwaangalinta ururrada iyo xisbiyadu waxa ay go'aan afar bog ah ka soo saareen, arrin aanay dulucdeeda xaddidin (without framing the issue in dispute). Kuma ay qeexin xukunkoooga waxa ay ahaayeen arrimaha ay isku hayeen labada dhinac ee ay ka garnaqeen iyo qodobka sharci ee arrintaa la isku hayaa ay salka ku hayso. Waayo xaqiiqadaa la isku hayo iyo qodobkeeda marka la sugo ee mugdiga laga saaro ayay cidda garta qaadaysaa maamuli karta waxa laga doodi karo iyo waxa ka baxsan dulucda ee aan lagu doodi karin. Iyagana ay cidda akhrida go'aankoodu ama la socotay dacwadduba ay u eegi kartaa bal in uu go'aankoodu abbaaray  wixii la isku hayay iyo in kale. 

Asbaabta go'aanka lagu dhisaana waa marka lagu dhex xuso go'aankan sida qodobka sharci ee khilaafku salka ku hayo ay doodaha labada dhinac u waajaheen, in ay xaqiiqooyinkii u dhigayay ay dooddooda ku caddaysteen ama ku  caddeysan kari waayeen. 

Markaas ayuu noqon karaa go'aan sharci oo ka jawaabaya su'aal cad, oo asbaabtiisa si cilmiyaysan oo maangal ah loo lafo-guray. Waxaana Go'aan gareedyada loo maraa hannaanka lafagurka ee loo soo gaabsado IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion), oo soomaali ku noqonaya marka la soo gaabiyo AQAG. oo u taagan: 

1. Arrinta ( la isku hayo);  arrinkaasi ma dhacay/jiraa, misa ma dhcin/jiro?

2. Qodobka: waa qodobka sharci salka u ah dacwadda ah (the substantive rule) oo go'aanka lagu xuso isaga oo akhriskiisana wata oo aan lambar kaliya ahayn. Qodobkaas ayaa  sheegaya xaqiiqooyinka la rabo in la caddeeyo ee shuruuddo u ah jiritaanka ama jiritaan la'aanta arrinta ay su'aashu ka taagan tahay.

3. Adeegsi: waa isku adeegsiga sharciga iyo xaqiiqada (waa is bar-bardhigga tiirarka Qodobka iyo Xaqiiqooyinka ay dhinacyadu ku kala doodeen; iyada oo la is waydiinayo ma is waafajiyeen misa isma waafaqsana?). Waan halka ay sababayntu ka bilaabmayso iyo lafagurku. 

4. Gungaadh ama gebogabo: oo ah maxaa kaaga soo baxay (markaad doodda dhinacayda iyo qodobka isu-eegtay): taas oo noqonaysa laba mid uun---- arrintii la isku hayay waa ay jirtaa ama ma jirto.

   Imika bal miyay ku sheegeen afartaas bog su'aasha sharci ee ay kaga jawaabeen. Ma waxa uu go'aanku ka jawaabayaa su'aasha ah : (1) waa ayo Guddoomiyaha sharciga ah ee Xisbiga Kulmiye waqtigan la joogo?

 Misa waxa uu ka jawaabayaa Su'aasha ah: (2) Ma sharcibaa xil ka qaadista Guddoomiyaha Golaha Dhexe ee Xisbigu misa ma aha? 

  Mar haddii aan laguu sheegin waxa laga jawaabay ee laga gun-gaadhay, ma noqonayo go'aan gareede waa uun xog kale oo lagu soo daray khilaafkii hore ee dhinacyada. Sidaa awgeedna ma lahaan karo wax asbaab ah oo cad oo lagu qiimayn karo natiijadiisa, sida in ay xidhiidh la leedahay wixii la isku hayay iyo in kale (relevent to the fact in issue) iyo sida ay ku timid natiijadaasi.

HOW CAN CORRUPTION BE PREVENTED LEGALLY IN SOMALILAND?

 

Corruption cannot be effectively addressed through a merely reactive, after-the-fact approach that relies on tracing financial irregularities once suspicion has already emerged. Such a delayed response is inherently insufficient and often ineffective. Instead, what is required is the establishment of a strong, comprehensive, and well-coordinated legal framework designed to proactively prevent corruption before it takes root. This framework must significantly reduce opportunities for embezzlement, bribery, extortion, and abuse of public authority, while simultaneously strengthening accountability, integrity, and transparency at every level of governance.

A truly effective system depends on close institutional cooperation, strong regulatory oversight, and active civic participation. At its foundation, financial oversight institutions such as Central Banks play a critical and indispensable role in promoting accountability.They may be tasked with monitoring financial activity and recording the assets of senior public officials in a transparent and verifiable manner before they assume office. In parallel, strict and comprehensive anti-money laundering laws are essential in preventing the concealment of illegally obtained wealth. These laws impose clear restrictions on suspicious transactions, require full disclosure of income sources, and ensure continuous coordination between financial institutions, the Central Bank, and the Auditor General. As a result, financial transactions remain under careful scrutiny and regulatory control until the legitimacy of funds is fully verified and all obligations, including taxes, are properly settled.

   Beyond financial regulation, transparency and accountability laws serve as powerful and necessary instruments in the fight against corruption. The Public Information Act, for instance, promotes institutional openness and administrative accountability by enabling employees to report corrupt, unethical, or unlawful practices within their organizations. Crucially, it provides strong legal protection for whistle-blowers, safeguarding them from retaliation, dismissal, or intimidation. This protection creates a safer environment in which individuals can courageously expose wrongdoing without fear, thereby strengthening public trust and institutional integrity.

   Similarly, the Public Procurement Act functions as a vital and strategic safeguard against corruption in public spending. It regulates the entire procurement process, including the advertisement, tendering, and awarding of government contracts, in a structured, transparent, and competitive manner. When properly enforced, it ensures fairness, prevents favoritism, and promotes responsible use of public resources. In doing so, it forms a fundamental pillar of a broader legal architecture aimed at protecting state assets and ensuring ethical governance.

   In addition to preventive mechanisms, criminal legislation provides essential punitive measures against corruption-related offenses such as abuse of power, and fraud. The Law against the Misappropriation of Public Property/Fund--enacted in 2007 is one of them. Also, there are provisions in the General Penal Code (Articles 240–281 PC) that clearly define offenses related to administrative misconduct, corruption, and neglect of official duties. However, despite the existence of these comprehensive legal provisions, enforcement remains inconsistent, weak, and often ineffective, particularly within prosecutorial and judicial institutions.

  A major and persistent challenge is the limited public awareness and understanding of legal rights and protections. Many citizens remain unaware that they possess the legal authority to report corrupt officials and initiate formal complaints. As a result, incidents involving bribery, coercion, administrative threats, or unfair treatment in bad faith (mala fide) often go unreported or are confined to informal, ineffective channels. This silence is further compounded by the fact that law enforcement agencies frequently lack the technical capacity, investigative experience, and institutional confidence required to handle complex corruption cases effectively.

   Ultimately, while a broad and sophisticated legal framework for preventing and punishing corruption does exist, its real effectiveness depends on consistent enforcement, strong institutional capacity, and an informed, empowered public. Without these essential elements, even the most well-designed laws remain weak on paper. With them, however, the legal system can become a powerful, credible, and transformative force for justice, accountability, and good governance.

SHARCIGA JIRA vs SHARCIGA QORAN

Sharciyaqaano badan oo mar walba u taagan ilaalinta ku dhaqanka sharciga iyo dastuurka ayaan arkayaa. Kuwaas oo iftiimiya dhacdooyinka xadgudbyada ku ah dastuurka iyo shuruucda ee sida il-duufka ama badheedhka ah ay ugu tallaabsadaan masuuliyiintu. Sida dhacdadii uu dambeysay ee uu xildhibaan ka mid ah uu Golaha Wakiiladu oo loo magacaabay Wasiir uu kaga qeybgalay Shirkii Golaha Wasiirada isaga oo aan si rasmiya u marin habraacii sharci ee xil iskaga tagidda Golaha. Walaw ay uu ka qaybgalkaa uu ka qaybgalay Fadhiga Wasiiradu ay si dadban u muujinayso  (implied intention) in uu shaqsi ahaan ka tagay Xildhibaannimadii Golaha. 

  Sharciyaqaannada masuuliyadooda xirfadeed ayaa faraysa in ay ku baraarujiyaan nidaamka dawladnimo ku-dhaqanka sharciga, walaw aan arkayo in ay warbaahinteenna u jan-jeedha falanqeynta dhacdooyinka iyo hirdannadda siyaasaddu ay hoos-u-dhigtay codkooda (downplayed). Garyaqaanadu se taas eed kuma laha oo way guteen xilkoodii aqooneed oo arrinkoodu waa; allahuma inii balaqtu.

  Waxa is weydiin mudan sababta arrintaa lagu baraarujiyay ay cidda ay khusaysaa iskaga dhegamariso----maadaama oo qodob dastuuriya oo la jabiyaa uu yahay seeskii dawladnimada ku taagnayd ee lagu heshiiyay oo la mijo-xaabinaayo. Guddida joogtada ee Golaha Wakiilada iyo shirguddoonkoodaba macno sidaas ah uma samaynin arrintani oo iyana hoos ayay u dhigeen (down-played). Goleweynahana (the floor) hadalkiisaba daa. Marka dano hoose la leeyahayna-- dastuurbaa la jabiyay ayaa la innagu wareeriyaa iyada oo aanu waxa la jabiyay aanu sidan oo kale u muuqan. Taasi ma aha dastuur ilaalinbaa (constitutionalism) iyo isla-xisaabtan dawladeed, misa waa rabitaanno ilaalin (human desires)?

  Waxa jirta aragti sharci oo la yidhaahdo---"Legal realism" ama "Sharciga dhabta ah". Aragtidani (legal theory) waxa ay tidhaahdo sharcigu ma aha khadka waraaqaha ku qoran, bal se waa ka qofka xumi (bad man) uu ka baqdo inuu ku xadgudbo ee ogyahay inuu cawaaqib uu kala kulmayo haddii uu jiidho.  Mar haddii aanay taasi jirin oo qofku isaga oo ka badheedhay ku xadgudubka wixii waraaqaha ku dhignaa, aanu waxba iskaga tirin nidaamka jira,  waxa ay waraaquhu sheegayaan sharci ma aha xataa haddii loogu yeedho ama loo wada yaqaano in ay yihiin "sharci".  Sharciga dhabta ahi se waa waxa jira ee la wada samayn karo (real acts) ee la hubo in aanu wax raad ahi ka dhalanayn haddii la sameeyo. Waa kaas sharcigu. 

   Sharciyaqaannadu waa in ay fahmaan sharciga jira (legal realism or the real law) ee aan ahayn kan buugta ku dhigan, oo ay daraasad xeel dheer ku sameeyaan iyo diiwaanna sugan (record) oo u noqda tixraac taariikheed ee geeddisocodkeena sharciga (S/land Historical Legal Jurisprudence). Tusaale ahaan, sida sharciga jira ee jideeya in ay muddo xileedka Madaxtooyadu ahaado ugu yaraan toddoba sanno, sidoo kalana Golayaasha kale ka dhiga muddo xiloodkooga mid daba-furan (open-ended) illaa inta siyaasad ahaan loo soo jeedsanayo. Sharcigaas la qabatimay wuu  ka duwanyahay waxa uu sharciga waraaqaha ku qorani sheegayo (formal rules). Sidoo kale ha hilmaamin Sharciga jira (the real law) ee jideeyay in musharraxnimada Golayaasha ay reeruhu soo xulaan, oo aan xisbiyahannimo iyo aragti lagu soo xulan, kaas oo isna ka duwan waxa uu sheegayo kan buugta inoogu qorani.

   Sharcigaas dhabta ah (the real law) in kasta oo uu yahay xaqiiqo aan la dafiri karin,  marka ay siyaasadda tahay, balse run ahaantii isaguna ma aha ceeb ka saliim. Ceebtiisa u wayni waxa weeyi in aanu ahayn wax sugan oo la isla sii wada hubi karo natiijdiisa (unpredictable), balse waa kan---hirdan iyo muran badan kadib, kama dambeysta shaqeeya (functionalism) iyada oo aan cidna dambi iyo ku xadgudub awoodeed ama ku xadgudub xeer-dhigan lagu qaadin.

DHISMAHA SHARCI EE HAY'ADAHA MAAMUL AYAA KA HORREEYA DHISMAHOODA MUUQDA (XAFIISKA IYO MAGACAABISTA XILALKA) By Garyaq Maxamed Axmed Cabdi (Bacaluul)

Sharci ahaan sidan ayaa sax ah. Waa in xeerka lagu asaasayo hey'adaha dawladeed (Enabling Act) uu ka soo horreeyo hey'adda uu asaasayo, miisaaniyaddeeda iyo magacaabista madaxdeeda. Sida Hey'adda Xaqsiinta Ciidamada Qaranka ee uu Madaxweynuhu ku soo saaray asaaskeeda Xeer Madaxweyne (factual establishment) uu uga sii horeeyay sharciga ay ku asaasnayd oo ah Xeerka Xaqsiinta Ciidamada Qaranka. Xeerkaas oo dhaqangalay waqtigii xukuumaddii hore. Hay'addan uu madaxweynuhu hirgalinteeda soo saaray ayaa laf dhabar u ah xeerkaasi maadaamo oo ay tahay Hey'adda Xukuumadeed ee fulin doonta xaqsiinta ciidanka.

  Waxa aynu hore u soo arki jirnay hey'ad aan asaas sharci oo hore lahayn (legal entity) oo jiritaankeeda iyo madaxda loo magacaabo ay hal mar wareegto madaxeeyne ku soo wada baxaan. Kadibna iyaga lagu odhan jiray xeerka aad ku asaasmaysaan soo dhiraandhiriya mashruuciisa (is-soo-asaasa). Waxa aynu ka bilaabi jirnay halkii ay ku dhammaan lahayd (maqluub).

 Marka ay xeerdajintu sharci ahaan u asaasayso hey'ad dawladeed, ujeedkoogu waxa weeyi in ay horta ka dooddaan hey'addaasi la hindisayo dabeecaddeeda maamul (nature), baahida qaran ee loo qabo, awoodaha iyo waajibaadka laga rabo in ay fuliso iyo miisaaniyadda (maaliyadda) looga qoondaynayo kiishadda qaranka ee la rabo in ay hawlaheedaas ku gudato. 

   Dhibta jirta waxa ay tahay Golaha Wakiilada ee leh awoodda dastuuriga ee curinta xeerarka, oo aan mawduucan faham ka haysan, amaba iyaga oo fahamsan ka badheedha ka gaabinta xilkoogan. Sababta uu dastuurku Golaha Wakiilada u siiyay awooddooda jaangoynta Miisaaniyadda Qaranka ama sharciyaynta qoondada ay hey'ad kasta oo dawladeed ku yeelan doonto khasnada qaranka (power of the purse) ayaa ah in ay isku eegaan dhaqaalaha la hayo iyo kala mudnaan-siinta jiritaanka haya'adaha dawladeed iyada oo loo eegayo baahida uu qaranku u qabo borogaraamada ay fulinayaan. Halka aynu aragno iyaga oo miisaaniyad (qoondo maaliyadeed) u sharciyeeya (ansixiya) hey'ad aanay jiritaankeeda marka hore sharciyaynin (ku asaasin xeer) oo aanay qeexin masuuliyadaheega iyo hawlaheeda.

   Si taas la mida ahna waxa kale oo aad aragtaa Golaha Wakiilada oo ansixiya madax lasoo magaabay oo aanay hey'adda loo magacaabayaa aanay sharci ahaan u jirin (without legal entity). Taas macnaheedu waxa weeyi waxa ay iska ansixiyaan masuuliyiin aanay wax faham ah ka haysan waxa ay qaban doonaan iyo awoodahooga fulineed inta ay gaadhsiisanyihiin iyo sida ay awoodahaasi aan sharci ahaan u qeexnayni ay u saamayn karaan xuquuqaha sharci iyo danaha muwaadiniinta ay u adeegi doonaan.

 Haddii ay xeerdajintu asaasidda la asaasayo hey'ad maamul oo cusub ay shuruud uga dhigi lahaayeen in aanat miisaaniyadda qaranka ku yeellan illaa iyo inta uu baarlamaanku ka doodayo baahida loo qabo barnaamijyada loo igmanayo. Taas,oo haddii ay u arkaan mid loo baahanyahay ay sharci ku asaasaan haddii ay kalana ay sidaa ku laalaan miisaaniyadda ay waaxda fulintu u soo jeediso in loo sharciyeeyo(defunding) iyaga oo u raraya qoondadaasi meelo kale oo ay u arkaan in baahi ahaan ka mudanyihiin. Runtii waa arrin dooddeeda iyo loollankaeeda ku dhexyeelan karta gole kala qeybsan, balse waa arrin muhimad u leh is-dheellitirka awoodaha qaranka iyo tashiilista ama si wanaagsan u qorshaynta dakhliga ummadda (public fund). Waxa ay keeni lahayd in yaraadaan komishanada iyo hey'adaha kale ee magac u yaalka ah (bloated bureaucracy) ee aan adeegyo la taaban karo u qaban cashuurbixiyayaasha.

  Marka aan ku leeyahay waa in ay G/wakiiladu  curiyaan xeerarkan macnahaygu ma aha waaxda fulintu ma soo unki karto hindisayaal sharci, balse way leeyihiin awooddaasi. Xeerarka se ay hey'adaha fulintu ama golaha xukuumaddu ay hindisayaashooda soo unkaan ma aha kuwa ay ku asaasmayaan bal se waa siyaasadaha ay ku shaqeyaan (Substantive administrative policies) sida xeerarka ay ku fulin doonaan hawlaha ay sharci ahaan u igmanyihiin. 

XEELADAHA LOO SHAQEEYAYAASHU KU DEEDAFAYAAN DACWADAHA LA XIDHIIDHAHA XUQUUQAHA SHAQAALAHA EE KA BAXSAN MUSHARKA

 

Mushaharka shaqaaaluhu waa halbeegga lagu saleeyo gunnooyinka (non-wage payments) iyo xuquuqaha ama xorriyàdaha kale ee ee ay xeerarka shaqaaluhu u dammaanad qaadaan shaqaalaha. Gunnooyinka haddii aynu ku qeexno lacagaha kale ee ka baxsan mushaharka joogtada waxa ay noqon karaan:

1. mushqaayadaha saacadaha dheeriga ah ee uu shaqeeyo (overtime)

2. Habeen-dhaxyada (per diem)

3. Xaqal ciideedyada

4. Xaq sannadeedka 

5. Qorshaha hawlgabeedka (retirement plan).

6. Caymisyada: caymiska caafimaadka ama daaweynta, caymiska ka shaqo la'aanta (haddii uu jiro).

7. Lacagaysashada Fasaxyada (paid off leaves): fasaxyada uu qofka ka doorto inuu shaqeeyo.

   Waxaas oo dhan marka la isku daro, waa inay ka yaraadaan heerka mushaharka uu joogo maadaamo oo uu yahay salkooga ama halbeegga laga qiyaas qaato marka la jaangoynayo gunnooyinkaasi. Marka ay u badanyihiina ay waxa ay wadartoodu noqotaa kala badh mushaharka (50%). Boqolkiiba kontonkaas ay uga dhigmaan mushaharka, ayaa xuquuqahaasi ka baxsan mushaharkii loosii kala jajibayaa. 

   Qoraalkan waxaan u qoray, si aan u iftiimiyo arrimahan oo la isku murgiyo. Waxaan arkay loo-shaqeeyayaal badan oo marka ay dacwado la xidhiidho xuquuqo shaqo caadaystay xeelado ay ku dafiraan xuquuqahaasi. Waxa dhacda in ay mushaharkii asalka ahaa ee ay shaqaalaha si joogto ah ay u siin jireen in ay u xisaabiyaan in ay xuquuqahaas/mushqaayadahaasi. Kuwaas oo mushaharkii caadiga u kala jajabiya gunnooyin, kuna dooda in uu lacagahaasi bilkasta lasiin jiray qofka shaqaalaha ah, uu mushaharka ka ahaa wax u dhigma 10% ama wax aan dhaamin. Taasina ma aha wax maangal ah haddii xataa ay sidaa ku qoraan heshiiska shaqaaleynta, sababahan awgood: 

1. Mushaharka (salary) haddii uu yahay asalka laga duulayo ee lagu jaangooyo kuwan kale, in uu ka bato mooyee sina uguma yaraan karo.

 2. Xuquuqahani marka laga reebo kuwa sannadlaha ah oo u dhigma hal bil mushaharkeed, kuwa kale waa qaar aan joogto ahayn oo aan raaci karin mushaharka bil walba, sida xaqal ciidyada oo sannadkii laba jeer ah. 

3. Mushqaayadaha qaar waa ikhtiyaari ah waxa ay hadbq ku xidhanyihiin shaqaalaha rabitaanka qofka shaqaalaha sida in uu saacado dheeriya maalmaha qaar shaqeeyo isaga oo danaynaya mushqaayadda dheeriga ah (over-time pay) ama in uu oggolaado in uu maalmaha fasaxyada qaranka shaqeysto si uu mushqaayad u helo oo uu ka maarmo nasashada. Rabitaanka qofkuna waa wax is bad-badali kara sharciguna uu oggolyahay.  Sharci ahaana laguma qasbi karo sida in aanu qofku fasaxyadaasi qaran qaadan karin ama fasax sannadeedyadiisa qaadan karin (annual leave) inta uu meel hablaayo u shaqeynayo,

4. Haddii loo shaqeeyuhu ku doodo in fasaxyadii sannadlaha ahaa iyo saacadaha dheeriga ah mushqaayaddooda uu bilwalba wax ka mid ah u raaciyo mushaharka shaqaalaha, taasi waxa ay caddeynaysaa in uu loo shaqeeyuhu mabda' ahaan kasoo hor jeedo fasax-siinta shaqaalaha iyo xaddidnaanta saacadaha shaqada ee maalintii--- oo ay fasax la'aanta sannadka oo dhami iyo in la shaqeeyo waqti ka badan siddeeddii saacadood maalin walba ay ka mid tahay shuruudaha iyo siyaasadaha loogu shaqeeyo.

   Markaa waa in aad fahamto sharci ahaan in uu qofku fasax sannadeedkiisa shaqeystaa ama uu saacado dheeri ah ku darsado intii asalka ahayd ee hawl maalmeedku jideeyay, in ay tahay arrin ikhtiyaari ah oo aan ahaan karin waajib joogto ah. Waana xaalado marar kooban (non-routine situations) dhaca oo lagala heshiin karo shaqaalaha sida mararka ay jiraan hawlo aan ku dhammeystirmin jadwal waqtiyeedkoogii.

     Waxaanay baahanyihiin hawlahani dheeriga ahi (irregular work assignments) in laga heshiiyo oo loo maro foomam gaar ah oo ay wada saxeexdaan madaxa shaqaalaha ee goobtaasi shaqo iyo qofka shaqaalaha ah ee raallida ka ah in uu ku darsado shaqdiisa (specific arrangements and records) isla xilligaasi ay taaganyihiin. Waxa kaloo oo ay leeyihiin hawlahani dheeraadka ahi hab loo bixiyo mushqaayadahooga oo u gaar ah maadaamo oo aanu shaqaalaha oo dhami ka wada sinnaan karin (specific payment process/reciepts), kaas oo la tixraaci karo (documented).

   Dokumtiyadaasi ayay  tahay in ay Waaxda xafiiska shaqaalaha (human resource office) iyo xisaabaadkuba (admin and finance) in ay fayl garaystaan, shaqaalaha sidaa yeelana isna in nuqulkiisa la siiyo caddaynaya xuquuqihiisi mushqaayadeed in uu qaatay ama leeyahay. Taasi waxa ay meesha ka saaraysaa in hadhaw lagu murmo xuquuqahaasi in la bixin jiray iyo in kale.

Baarlamaanku miyay awood sharci u leeyihiin in ay laalaan go'aan maamul?

 

Baarlamaanku miyay awood sharci u leeyihiin in ay laalaan go'aan maamul?

Walaw aanan qoraal ahaan arag go'aanka la sheegay in ay G/wakiiladu ku laaleen go'aan kasoo baxay Guddida Tacliinta Sare oo la xidhiidha muddooyinka lagu qaadanayo heerarka tacliimeed ee jaamacadaha dalka.

   Haddiiba u jiro go'aankaasi;  waxan is weydiiyay qodobada sharci ee ay u cuskadeen go'aankooga, gaar ahaan kuwa awood u siinaya in ay laali karaan go'aan kasoo baxay hey'ad fulineed sababta ay doonaan ha u cuskadaane. Waxa aynu ognahay in ay waaxda xeerdajintu la xisaabtan ku leedahay hey'adaha fulinta. La-xisaabtanka xeerdajinta (parliamentary oversight) oo inta badan waxa uu u dhacaa laba qaab oo kala ah: (1) mid warbixin muddaysan ah oo lagaga rabo hey'adda maamul in ay ku soo celiso xeerdajinta. War-bixintaas qoraalka ah oo uu xeer baarlamaanku ku waajibiyay, tusaale ahaan warbixinta sannadlaha ah ee Hantidhawraha Qaranka ama Guddida Xuquuqda Aadamaha ee Qaranka; ; (2) in ay xeerdajintu u yeedho madaxda hey'adaha fulinta (legislative subpoena) si ay su'aalo toos ah ugu weydiinayaan kulan furan (la baahiyo). Kulankaasi oo noqon kara mid heer guddiyeed ah ama mid golaha weynahu u dhanyahay. Waxaana ay si guud wax uga weydiiyaan hawlaha ay hey'addaasi u xilsaarantahay ama ay si gaar ah wax uga weydiiyaan hawl gooni ah oo ay cabasho ka taagantahay. Sidoo kale waxa ay wax ka weydiin karaan xeer-hoosadyada (delegated legislations) ay ka gaabiyaan ee uu baarlamaanku ugu igmado xeer guud.

   Ujeedada wax loo weydiinayaa waa si ay baarlamaanku ay shacabka iyo xukuumadda uu masuulkaasi ka tirsanyahayba u tusaan waxyaabaha ay qabaan in ay hey'addaasi ka gaabiyay. La-xisaabtankani dambe waa mid leh waji siyaasadeed oo loogu talo galay in uu masuulkastaa oo hey'ad fulineed ka sii fajignaado oo uu ka baxsado wax kasta oo waji-gabax (embarrasment) ku noqon kara isaga iyo maamulka uu ka tirsanyahayba.

  Hadaba marka ay su'aashu ay ka taagantahay sharci ahaanta go'aan maamul; habka qudha ee loo mari karaa waa Garsoorka. Waxa kaliya ee lagu laali karaa waa go'aan garsoor oo ka dhalan kara dacwad maamul oo cidda uu go'aankaasi uu danaheeda saamaynayo ay ka furato maxkamadda awoodda u leh. 

  Baarlamaanka laftiisa mararka qaar ayay u bannaantahay in ay ay dacwad dastuuri ah ka furtaan Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, haddii ay u arkaan in ay waaxda fulintu ku xadgudubtay awooddoodii xeer-dajineed; sida in ay hay'ad maamul isa siiso awood xeer-dajineed oo ay iskeed u soo saarto xeer hoosaad, siyaasad ama wareegto aanu u fasixin xeer guud oo baarlamaan. Taas oo marka ay wax ka weydiiyaan ama ay usoo jeediyaan in ay ka noqoto, ku sii adkaysata sharci-ahaanta tallaabadaasi maamul ee ay su'aashu ka taagantahay.

WAA MAXAY MADAXBANAANIDA GARSOORKU

 WAA MAXAY MADAXBANAANIDA GARSOORKU??

Madaxbannaanaanta Garsoorku waxa ay u qeybsantaa laba: 

  1) Madaxbanaani gudaha ah (internal independence).

2) Madaxbannaani Dibadda ah (external independence).

1) Madaxbanaani gudaha ah: 

Waa kala-madaxbannaanaanta Garsoorka gudihiisa. waxaanay usii kale baxdaa laba: 

  a) Maxbanaani hay'adeed (institutional independence): waa kala-madaxbannaanta ay Maxkamaduhu iyaga oo kala sarreeya, ay haddana ay mid walba u madaxbannaantahay awoodaheeda sharci (jurisdiction) iyo maamulista kiisaskeeda iyo kharashaadkeeda, iyada oo aan ka cabsi qabin in ay Maxkamadda ka sarraysaa si baalmarsan habraaca dacwadaha ugu soo farogaliso hawlaheeda.  

b) Madaxbannaani Shaqsiyeed/xileed (Personal independence): oo ah in uu Garsoore kastaa uu si madaxbannaan uga go'aan-gaadho kiiska uu hayo, isaga oo maamulka maxkamadda uu ka tirsanyahay aanu si baalmarsan habraac dacwadaha (procedural rules) ugu farogalin karin gardhageysigiisa, sidoo kalana aanu ka cabsi qabin in maamul ahaan si gaar ah  loogu colaadsado (victimization) go'aannada garsoor ee uu ka soo saaro kiisaska laga yaabo in ay madaxdiisa ka sarraysaa ay danaynayso. Amaba aanu ku go'aan-qaadan ballanqaad uu guddoomiyaha maxkamada uu ka tirsanyahay  ama mxkamad kale oo ka sarreysaa uu u sameeyay si uu ugu abaalmariyo u dhago-nuglaanta farogalintiisa. 

 Si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidan hawleed ee garsooraha waxa loo dajiyay habraac dacwadeedyada (Procedural rules of the Criminal/Civil laws). Kuwaas ayaa rasmiya u qeexa tallaabo kasta oo u dhexeeya maamulka maxkamadda iyo garsooraha kiiska haya, ama u dhaxeeya garsooraha iyo dhinacyada uu u garqaadayo. Waxaana tallaabooyinkaasi oo loo yaqaan (court procedings and pleadings) ay xeerarkani waajibiyaan in la iskugu gudbiyo qoraal ahaan iyagoo sababaysan oo qodobadii sharci ee loo cuskanayay wata. Waxaana ay soo-jidinshaasi, codsiyadaiyada iyo qaraarada gar-toosinta ee garsooruhu ay iyaga oo qoraal ah galaan galdacwadeedka, iyada oo lagu caddaynayo fayl-galintooda (filed/recieved stamp). Waxa ay taasi meesha ka saartaaa in maamulka maxkamaddu uu hab aan rasmi ahayn (informal) sida, taleefan ama af ahaan ula xidhiidho garsooraha galka haya si uu ugala hadlo arrinta uu ka garnaqayo.

2) Madaxbannaani Dibadeed (external independence):

Waa madaxbannaani uu Garsoorku ka madaxbannaan yahay saameyn siyaasadeed oo dibadda kaga timaadda, gaar ahaan Labada Waaxood ee kale ee dawladda (Fulinta iyo Xeerdajinta) ama mid kaga timaadda Shirkadaha Waaweyn ama bulshada qeybo ka mid ah oo si taban oo ku lid ah garsoorka u abaabulan.  Waa in uu Garsoorku Waax ahaan awood u leeyahay in uu khilaafyada xasaasiga ah ee loola yimaaddo uga go'aan-gaadho si aan cabsi iyo abaal-doonistoona ahayn (without fear or favour).

   Marka uu Garsoorku labadaas qaab u Madaxbannaanyahay gude ahaan iyo dibad ahaan, ayaa la odhan karaa waa Garsoor Madaxbaannaan. Dadka in badanbaa u fahamsan uun marka madaxbannaani garsoor laga hadlayo, in loo jeedo uun tan Waaxeed ee ah in uu Garsoorku labada Waaxood ee kale ka madaxbannaanyahay, oo hilmaansan Madaxbaannaanida Gudaha oo haddii la waayo, ay farogalinta maamulka maxkamadeed uu si joogto ah u saamaynayo hawl maalmeedka Garsooraha