Waxa ugu badnaan laga joogaa 30
sannadood markii ay xabsiga u taxaabeen iyagoo jidh-dilay calooshood u
shaqaystayaashii la jiray Kali taliyahii Soomaliya ee Maxamed Siyad Barre. Farhan
Warfaa Ali kamay hadhin naxdintii iyo saskii uu ka qaaday, maalintii uu sarkaalkii
ciidanka ahaa, ee waraysanayay, intuu bistoolad ula soo baxay, uu shanta xabadood ku dhuftay, isagoo meel u
dhaw taagan.
Farhaan Warfaa oo la taagan Qareennadiisii.Wuxuu Farhaan dacawaynaa, Yuusuf Abdi Ali, oo dambiyo badan ka geystay Somaliland 1980-kii, isla markaana deggan dalka Maraykanka. Photograph; Centre for Justice and Accountability. |
Colonel Yuusuf Abdi Ali ( Tuke). Photograph: Centre for Justice and Accountability |
Hadaba, isagoo, u malaynaya in uu
dilay maxbuuskii uu waraysanayay ee loo haystay dambi aan kasii waynayn taangi biyood oo la xaday, ayuu Ciidankii ku amray inay maydkiisa qaadaan, soona
aasaan.
Sarkaalkan ku eedaysan in uu
toogtay Warfaa waqtigaasi, wuxuu hayay xil-sare oo amar-bixin iyo go'aan-qaadashaba leh. Isagoo
noqday kii ugu arxanka darnaa ee loogu cabsida badnaa jiray, mudadii 20-ka sannadood ahayd ee ay jirtay Kalitalisnimadii Siyaad Barra, siday xustay kooxda u doodda Xuquuqda Aadamaha ee
fadhigoodu yahay Kalifoorniya (dalka Maraykanka) ee loo yaqaano Xarunta
Caddaaladda iyo La-xisaabtanka (Centre for Justic and Accountability) marka
lasoo gaabiyana, loo yaqaano ( CJA).
Kolonel Yusuf Abdi Ali, oo ku magac dheeraa (Tukeh) , wuxuu ahaa
hogaamiyihii haystay Brigaydhkii Shanaad ee Ciidankii Somaliya, ee 1980-maadkii. Wuxuuna cabsi-galin ballaadhan ku hayay dadkii kasoo jeeday
beelaha Isaaq ee deggan Somaliland. Wuxuu amar ku bixin jiray, inta baddanna, ka qayb qaadan
jiray hawl-gallaadii baahsanaa ee xabsi-geynta, jidh-dilka, iyo,
dilalkii Maxkamad la'aanta ahaa.
Tacaddiyadaasi oo u hannaansanaa qaab
maamuleed, oo lagula kici jiray dad, aan tiradooda lasoo koobi karin.
Eedaysane Ali, sidoo kale wuxuu hogaaminayay hawlgallo, lagu baabiyay tuulayoon badan, sida ay xaqiijisay CJA.
N.B;
Eedaysane Ali, sidoo kale wuxuu hogaaminayay hawlgallo, lagu baabiyay tuulayoon badan, sida ay xaqiijisay CJA.
Xubno ka mida
( Peruvian Forensic Anthropology Team) oo ku xeeldheer Cilmiga lagu
lafa-guro Caddaymaha ama raadadka ka hadha dhacdooyin iyo facyaw
hore.
|
1991-kii, markii ay dhacday dawladdii Siad Barre, Ali wuxuu
u baxsaday dalka Kanada, muddooyinkii dambena wuxuu si joogto ah, u degay dalka
Maraykanka. Dadaallada loogu jiro in lagu horkeeeno cadaaladdu, waxay ka
sii socon doonaan Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka ee Firjiiniya arbacada. Dhagaysigaasi
oo saamayn ku yeelan doona, dacwad ku oogista eedaysanayaasha loo haysto inay
gaysteen dambiyo dagaal ee ku nool dalka Maraykanka.
Qareenadda u doodaya eedaysanaha (Tukeh) ayaa codsanaya in
dacwaddan inta badan jiidantay, ee ugu horraynteedii la furtay 2004-tii, oo
dib-u-dhac intaas leeg ku yimid hab-socodkeedii, ay gabi ahaanba meesha ka
baxayso, maadaamo oo ay leeyihiin wuxuu haystaa Xukun Maxkamadda Sare kasoo
baxay oo siiyay Dhawrsanaan. Xukunkaasi oo la xidhiidhay dacwad kale.
Halka Garyaqaanada CJA, ee matal, oo ay gacansiinaaan
Qareenada kaalmeeya dadka itaalka daran (Pro bono lawyers) kana tisan Shirkadda
Sharci ee magaceeda la yidhaahdo DLA Piper, ay Kaga doodi doonaan Maxkamada
Rafcaanka, in uu go'aankaasi Maxkamadda Sare khuseeyo Dacwad Shirkadeed, sidaa
darteedna aanu, gabbood u noqon karin ama faaido u yeelan karin, Qof la
ogyahay in uu dadka, nolasha ku ciqaabi jiray. Kaasi oo daggan Caarriga
Maraykanka.
Waxayna aaminsanyihiin Qareenaddan u doodaya Warfaa, in
Go'aankasta oo u dan ah Kolnaylku uu daciifin doono awooddii sharciyeed
ee uu lahaa Xeerka Magdhawga Shisheeyaha ( Alien Tort Statute) ee loo yaqaan (ATS).
Xeerkaasi oo soo jireen ahaa muddo Qarniyo ah, ayay waayadan dambe Kooxaha u
dooda Xuquuqda Aadamuhu aad u adeegsadaan. Waxaanu Xeerkani, xaq u siinayaa
dadka aan u dhalan dalka Maraykank in ay dacwad madani ah ka furtaan Maxkamadaha
Maraykanka, haddii ay dalkaasi ka helaan Shaqsiyaad ay u
tirsanayaan tacaddiyo iyo gefaf ka dhan ah aadamaha markii ay dalkoogii joogeen. Dacwad-furashadani waxa shardi u tahay laba arrimood: (1) Waa in aanu dacwooduhu waqtigii tacadiyaddaasi loo geystay uu joogay meel ka baxsan Maraykanka; (2) Waa in uu caddeeyo in aanu dalalkaasi (xadgudubku ka dhacay) aanu ka
heli karin daw-bixin iyo nidaam u caddaalad sameeya isaga iyo ciddii u awoodda sheegatay.
"Tani waa markii ugu horraysay ee Maxkamadda Rafacaanku ay u
adeegsan doonto Go'aankii Maxkamadda Sare, arrin la xidhiidha shaqsi
dambi-geyste ah oo magan galyo ka raba Maraykanka, sidoo kalana waa
markii ugu horraysay ee ay Maraykanka hortimid in uu go'aan ka gaadho wuxuu
sharci ahaan ka yeeli doono shaqsiyaadka geysta Xad-gudubyada baahsan ee
aadminimada ka baxsan (Mass Atrocity Crimes). Ma wuxuu Maraykanku noqon doonaa
gabbood ay kusoo dhuuntaan kolonel Tukeh iyo kuwa la midka ah, ama wuxuu noqon doonaa
meel caddaalada lagu mariyo, waa su'aasha ay jawaabteedu ku xidhantahay go'aanka Maxkamadda " Ayay tidhi Qareen, Kathy Robert oo ka tirsan CJA.
Dacwaysanuhu wuxuu isku dayay in ka badan 30 sannaadood, in
uu horistaago Xukun-maxkamadeed Sharciyoobay (Legal Precedent) oo u ogolaaday
in dhibanayaasha loo geysto tacaddiyo lid ku ah aadminimadu, ay dacwadahooga
ku furtaan Xeerka loo yaqaan ATS, si ay magdhaw uga helaan kadeedkii loo
geystay".
Xukunka Maxkamadda Sare ee uu Tuke u cuskanayo difaaciisa, waa
go'aankii 2013-kii ee u dhexeeyay Kiobel v
Royal Dutch Shell Petroleum. Taasi oo Gudidii Garsoor ee dacwaddan ka
garnaqday, ay go'aamisay, in aanay kooxdii reer Nayjeeriya ee qoxoontiga
ku ahayd Maraykanku aanay xaq u lahayn, ay ku dacweeyaan Shirkaddii British-Dutch
Multinational. Kuwaasi oo ku eedeeyay inay Shirkaddu si hoos ahaana ula wadday
jidh-dilkii iyo dilalkii ay Milatariga Nayjeeriya kula kici jireen
Mudahaaradaayaashii u ololaynayay Deegaankaa 1990-meeyadii.
Gudida garsoor ee u xilsaaran dhagaysiga rafcaankani waxay ka
koobantahay 3 Garsoore. Arrinta hortaale ee laga sugayo in uu go'aanku ka
jawaabo, ayaa ah bal incabashadan ka dhanka ah Cali, ay saamayn raad iyo
saamayn ku leedahay, si ay u helaan sababo ku filan oo ay kaga gudbaan
go'aankii Kiobel, iyo bal in uu Cali xaq u leeyahay Dhawrsanaanta Xeerka soo
yaalka ah ee afka qalaad lagu yidhaahdo koman law (Common law).
Roberts wuxuu ku doodayaa, in joogitaanka Cali uu joogo Maraykan
tan iyo 1996-kii, uu tilmaamayo in uu haysto deganaansho Rasmiya oo guur ahaan lagu siiyay, sidoo kalana mar haddii guuritaankiisa uu ku soo degay Firjiniya ay
caddayn ugu filantahay Garsoorayaasha Rafcaanka.
Joseph Drennan, oo Qareen difaac u ah Ali, ayaa ka gaabsaday in uu
wax faallo ah siiyo Joornaalka Kasoo baxa Ingiriiska ee loo yaqaano DA
GAARDIYAN (The Guardian). Wuxu hore ugu dooday inay arrinta dagaanaanshiyaha ee la
xidhiidha Tukeh ay sharci ahaan ka baxsantahay Mawduuca dacwadda, waxaanu
qoraal gaaban oo uu u qoray Maxkamada Bishii 3aad ee sannadkan ku yidhi "Maxkamadda
Sare waxay dacwadii Kiobel ku go'aamisay, in aanay halka uu dacweysanuhu ka
joogo Maraykanka aanay ahayn arrin khusaysa ujeeddooyinkii loo
asaasay Awoodaha Sharciyeed ee xeerka ATS”
Hadaba, Arbacada soo socota (16/09/015 ) oo fadhi gaaban oo
dhegaysiya la yeelan doono, waxa laga filayaa inay Maxkamadda Rafcaanka
ee Maraykanku ay 90 maalmood gudahood ku soo saari doonto go'aan. Warfaa
oo ah nin oday si weyn maamuus ugu leh, deegaankiisa Gabiley, ayaan fadhigaasi
kasoo qayb gali doonin, balse codsaday in arrintiisa la baahiyo"
Dhammaad.
N.B;
Garyaqaan Maxamed Axmed
Cabdi Bacaluul, isagoo fulinaya Codisigaasi Dhibbane Warfaa, iyo in badan oo la
mid ah, oon codkooga la maqal, dulmigaasina helin cid ka daw-marisa, amaba kuba
nafwaayay, wuxuu tarjumay warkan uu kasoo xigtay Warfidiyeenka The
Guardian oo baahiyay 16/09/015.
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